2019-01-05 Saturday: 7 Living space

Greg Malivuk
[email protected] (I only check this from school.)
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
2019-01-05 Saturday: 7 Living Space
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Vocabulary: house features
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p. 82 part 1 - With your partner, decide which of the things in the box are necessary in your home, which are nice but not necessary, and which aren’t important. Then add more things you think are necessary.
- Use a dictionary if you don’t know what one of the words means. (http://learnersdictionary.com/ is a good one for people learning English.)
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part 2 - What are some advantages and disadvantages of the types of houses in the pictures?
ger = yurt
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p. 83 part 4 - Listen to the woman talk about homes and shelters, and complete the sentences with correct information.
1 bad weather
2 more basic
3 shelter
4 brick or stone
5 house
6 your house
7 design
8 cities
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Grammar: comparatives and superlatives
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comparatives - between two things or groups (that are different)
	adjective + -er - 1 syllable, 2 syllables if the second one is -y or -le
	more/less + adjective - more than 2 syllables, most 2-syllable adjectives
equatives - between two things or groups that are the same (or not)
	(Germany is smaller than the United States.)
	Germany is not as big as the United States.
superlatives - three or more things
	(same rules as comparatives, except -est and most/least)
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repeated comparatives - to show that something is changing over time
	Houses are getting smaller and smaller.
paired comparatives - to show that two things change together
	The colder the climate is, the warmer the house needs to be.
	The bigger the house is, the more expensive it is.

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part 7 - rewrite the sentences to have the same meaning, using the words in parentheses and beginning with the words in bold
1 Houses are less appropriate for local conditions.
2 A cave house isn’t as small as you think.
3 An igloo is not as cold inside as you might think.
4 New houses are getting more and more expensive every year.
5 My tent is the best in the camp.
6 This house is the oldest.
7 A house on stilts survives more easily in floods.
8 You can put up a ger more quickly than a brick house.
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Adverbs that come from adjective+ly always use “more” or “less” (never -er)
(Adverbs that are the same as the related adjective use the adjective rule: earlier)
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 Noun comparisons:
It costs less money to eat at home than in a restaurant.
It doesn’t cost as much money to eat at home as in a restaurant.
It didn’t use to cost as much to eat in a restaurant as it does now.
I didn’t use to have as many friends as I have now.
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How can we compare NYC and Boston?

NYC is bigger than Boston.
The traffic in NYC is crazier than in Boston.
NYC is (not?) as beautiful as Boston.
NYC has more tourists than Boston. / NYC is more touristy than Boston.
NYC is more popular than Boston. (= More people like and visit NYC than Boston.)
NYC is more populous than Boston. (= More people live in NYC than in Boston.)
NYC is more famous than Boston. (= More people know about NYC than Boston.)
The food in Boston is better than the food in NYC.
NYC is more expensive than Boston.
NYC is the biggest city in the United States.
Boston is one of the most expensive cities in the United States.
(Boston and NYC are two of the most expensive cities in the US.)
Boston has a simpler subway system than NYC.
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BREAK
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Vocabulary: city features

p. 84 part 2 - complete the sentences with words from the box, then write five new sentences about NYC or Boston with the other words.
1 atmosphere
2 public transportation
3 financial
4 modern
5 built-up (there are many buildings everywhere)
6 skyscrapers
7 residents
8 neighborhoods
Boston has more crime than NYC, compared to the population.
Boston has more open spaces than NYC.
NYC is more polluted than Boston.
There are some run-down areas in both cities.
NYC has more traffic than Boston.
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What do you think was there just before Europeans came to (what is now) New York City?
Native Americans / indigenous people / native people
Read the article “Before New York”
https://welikia.org/explore/mannahatta-map/

(https://www.boston.com/news/local-news/2014/07/02/awesome-tool-lets-you-watch-boston-grow-over-the-years - tool for Boston that uses historical maps)
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Grammar: other ways to talk about the past (besides simple past)

used to:
	Beavers used to be common in the area. = They were common for a while, but not now.
would:
	Animals would roam freely through forests. = This was a regular, repeated action in the past.

Note: We can still use simple past for both of these situations.
- We can’t use “would” or “used to” for things that happened just once.
- We can’t use “would” for continuous states (like “live” or “have”).
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I used to live in Michigan.
I didn’t use to live in Boston.
Where did you use to live?
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p. 85 part 9 - Rewrite the sentences with “used to” if possible. (Some of them can’t be changed, because they only happened once in the past or because they are still true now.)
1 New York used to be greener than it is now.
2 There used to be a lot of forest and natural landscapes.
3 The early residents didn’t live in a large city.
	(“They didn’t use to” means now they do, but the early residents don’t live anywhere now.)
  New Yorkers didn’t use to live in a large city.
4 People used to hut beavers for their skins. (or “would”)
5 American troops fought a battle here. (Happened once, so no “used to”.)
6 What originally used to be in the area where Fifth Avenue is now?
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My grandparents used to live near me. = They did in the past but now they don’t.
My grandparents didn’t use to live near me. = They didn’t in the past but now they do.
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For the position of some adverbs, “used” is the main verb.
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Two Truths and a Lie
- Write two true statements and one lie about yourself with “used to”.
- Read your sentences, and your classmates will guess the lie.
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p. 89 part 1 - What kind of website do you think the description of Sandgate is from? - b (It’s directed at people who might want to move there.)
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Homework: write a promotional description of your current town to convince people to move there (You can do research online to find more information, but don’t just copy sentences from a website.)
	Also: read the text on p. 99 and answer the questions in parts 2, 3, 4 on p. 98