Cmaismais

C++ ESTUDOS!!!!

#include <iostream> ;       //Inclui librarys
#include<vector>
#include<string>
#include <fstream> //for I/O

using namespace std; //Dont need throw std:: in front of any shit

///FUNCTIONS!!!!!!!!!
int addNumbers(int firstNum, int secondNum = 0){

    int combinedValye = firstNum + secondNum;

    return combinedValye;

}

//OVERLOAD FUNCTIONS
int addNumbers(int firstNum, int secondNum, thirdNum){

    return firstNum + secondNum + thirdNum;

}

//RECURSIVE FUNCTIONS
int getFactorial(int number){

    int sum;
    if (number == 1) sum = 1;
    else
        sum = getFactorial(number - 1) * number;
    return sum;
    //getFactorial(2) [Returns 2] * 3 = 6
    //getFactorial(1) [Returns 1] * 2
}

//POINTER FUNCION***

void makeMeYoung(int* age)
{

    cout << "I used to be: " << *age << endl;
    *age = 21;

}

//Todo o codigo vai ser mantido em um int main (wtf)
int main()
{

    //PRINTANDO:
    std::cout
    //or
    cout << "Hello WOrld" << endl;

    //Variables:
    const double PI = 3.1415926535; //const says this value cannot be changed // Double says this value can be a int or a float

    char myGrade = 'A'; //1 byte in memory

    bool isHappy = false;

    int myAge = 26;

    float favNumber =3.14;

    double otherFavNum = 3.14893275982375;

    cout <<"Favorite Number" << favNum << endl;

    //Other types include
    //short int : At least 16 bits
    //long  int : at least 32 bits
    //long long int : at least 64 bits
    //unsigned int : Same size as signed version
    //long double : Not less then double

    cout << "Size of int " << sizeof(myAge)
        <<endl;

        //SIZES
        //Size of int 4
        //char 1
        //bool 1
        //float 4
        //double 8


        //OPERATORS
        // + , - , *, /, %

    int five = 5;

    cout << "5++ = " << five++ << endl; //5++ = 5 //Do the action after gets five
    cout << "++5 = " << ++five << endl; //++5 = 7 //
    cout << "5-- = " << five-- << endl; //5-- = 7
    cout << "--5 = " << --five << endl; //--5 = 5

    five += 5; five = five + 5;

    //Order of operator states * and / is performed before + and - //

    cout << "4 / 5 = " << 4 / 5 << endl;            // 4 / 5 = 0
    cout << "4 / 5 = " << (float)4 / 5 << endl;     // 4 / 5 = 0.8

    //others operators ==, != , > , < , >=, <=, &&, ||, !

    //I already know very well how to play with this logics//

    int greetingOption = 2;

    switch(greetingOption)
    {
        case 1:
            cout << "bonjour" << endl;
            break;

        case 2:
            cout << "Hedja" << endl;
            break;

        case 3:
            cout  << "Hello" << endl;
            break;

        default:
            cout << "Eae fdp" << endl;
            break;
    }

    //variable = (condition) ? true : false

    int largNum = (5>2) ? 5 : 2;

    //Array

    int myFavNumbs[5];

    int badNums[5] = {4, 13, 14, 24, 34};

    cout << "Bad number 1: " << badNums[0] << endl;

    char myName[4][4] = {{'v','i','n','i'},
                        {'m','o','n','t'}};

    cout << "2nd letter in 2nd array" << myName[1][1] <<endl;

    myName[0][2] = 'x' //Mudei a terceira letra da primeira lista, agora o N é X.

    for(int i  = 1; i <= 10; i++){
        cout << i << endl;
    }

    // LOOK AT WHAT THIS DO!!!!
    int randNum = (rand() % 100) + 1;

    while(randNum != 100){
        cout << randNum << ", ";

        randNu7m (rand() % 100) + 1;

    }
    cout << endl;

    //LOOP MORE
    int index = 1;

    while(index <= 10){
        cout << index << endl;

        index++;

        //Printa ate 10
    }

    string numberGuessed;
    int intNumberGuessed = 0;

    do{

        cout << " Guess number between 1 and 10: ";

        getLine(cin, numberGuessed);

        intNumberGuessed = stod(numberGuessed); //sotd() : converts string to double

        cout <<intNumberGuessed << endl/

    }   while(intNumberGuessed != 4);

    cout <<" ~~You win~" << endl;


    //DEEPER ON STRINGS!!!!


    string

    char happyArray = 6] = {'h','a','p','p','y', '\0'}; //On C

    string birthdayString = "Birthday"; // On C++

    cout << happyArray + birthdayString << endl;

    //REMEMBER COUT = OUT CIN = IN

    string yourName;
    cout << "What is your name";
    getLine(cin, yourName);

    cout << "Hello " << yourName << endl;

    double eulersConstant = .57721;
    string eulerGuess;
    double eulerGuessDouble;

    cout << "What is the euler constant? " ;
    getLine (cin, eulerGuess);

    eulerGuessDouble = stod(eulerGuess);

    if(eulerGuessDouble == eulersConstant){
    cout<< "YOU ARE RIGHT!" << endl;
    }else{
    cout<< "YOU ARE WRONG" << endl;
    }

    //Get the size/ uymber of characters on a string string.size() //EX: eulerGuess.size()

    //MORE ON STRINGS

    string dogString = "dog";
    string catString = "cat";

    cout << dogString.compare(catString) << endl;   //prints 1
    cout << dogString.compare(dogString) << endl;   //prints 0
    cout << catString.compare(dogString) << endl;   //prints -1 //CAN USE WITH SWITCH :D //sEEMS COOL FOR SHADERS CONDITION AS WELL


    //VECTORS!!!!!!!!!!//

    vector<int> lotteryNumVect(10);

    int lotteryNumArrray = {4, 13, 14, 24, 34};

    lotteryNumVect.insert(lotteryNumVect.begin(), lotteryNumArrray,
        lotteryNumArrray+3);


    //TEST ADD SOMETHING
    lotteryNumVect.insert(lotteryNumVect.begin()+5, 44); //Add value at the end of the vector

    lotteryNumVect.push_back(64); //Add value at the begining of the vector

    cout << lotteryNumVect.at(2) << endl;

    cout << "Final value " << lotteryNumVect.back() //Final value = 64

    lotteryNumVect.pop_back(); //Gonna remove the final value

    cout << "First value " << lotteryNumVect.front() //First value = 64 // lotteryNumVect.empty() //lotteryNumVect.size()

    //FILE I/O
    //ESCREVE  NO DOCUMENTO POR VARIAVEL


    string steveQuote = "A day without sunshine is like a night";

    ofstream writer("quote.txt"); //Save in this file

    if(!writer){
        cout << "Error opening file" << endl;
        return  -1;
    }
    else{
        writer << steveQuote<< endl; //Escreve a frase na variavel steveQuote

        writer.close();

    }

    //Open a stream to append to wgats there with ios::app
    //ios::binary : Treat  the file as binary
    // ios::in : Open a file to read input
    //ios::trunc : Default
    //ios::out : Open a file to write output

    ofstream writer2("steveQuote.txt", ios::app);
    if(!writer2){
        cout << "Error opening file" << endl;
        return  -1;
    }
    else{
        writer2 << "\n -Steve Steve Steve Spider!!!" << endl; //Escreve a frase no documento

        writer2.close();

    }

    char letter;

    ifstream reader("stevequote.txt");

    if(!reader){

        cout << "Error opening file" << endl;
        return -1;

    }else{
        //use for loop in this situation to read every character till the end of tghe line
        for(int i = 0; ! reader.eof(); i++){

            reader.get(letter);
            cout << letter;

        }

        cout << endl;
        reader.close();

    }


    //EXCPETION HANDLING

    int numb = 0;

    try{
        if(number != 0) {
            cout << 2/number << endl;

        } else throw(number); //This "throw" will look in the catch!!!

    }

    catch(int number){

        cout << number << "is not valid" << endl;
    }

    //POINTERS!!!!!!!!!!****

    //Remember the sizeof(variable) see how many bytes she have**

    int myAge = 39;
    char myGrade = 'A';

    cout << "Size of int" << sizeof(myAge) << endl; //Size of int 4 bytes
    cout << "Size of char" << sizeof(myGrade) << endl;  //Size of char 1 byte
    cout << "myAge is locatae at " << &myAge << endl;   //myAge is locate at 0x7fff61de8948


    int sum = 5;

    addThese(sum);

    int myAge = 39;

    int* agePtr = &myAge;

    cout << "Address of pointer " << agePtr << endl; //Address of pointer 0x7fff61522034

    cout << "Data at memory address " << *agePtr << endl; //Data at memory address 39

    //ARRAY IS AN ADRESS TO THE VALUES!!


















    return 0; //always end with this //void és tu?

}