2015-12-08 Core: 10 bionic limbs

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
---
Warm-up: Do you like to do any difficult or dangerous sports or activities?
---
p. 117 - What are the people doing in the picture?
Marathon des Sables - 250km 6-day ultramarathon in the desert of Morocco
(Normal marathon = 42.195 km. Longer races are called ultramarathons.)

I go running every morning before I take a shower. (running for exercise and enjoyment)
I sometimes run to catch the bus because I get up late. (running in order to reach a destination)
---
p. 117 part 3 - answer the questions with a partner (also make a list of additional extreme sports that aren’t in question 1)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TWfph3iNC-k - example of BASE jumping

People do these activities to overcome their fears and limits.

reconstructive surgery = surgery (often cosmetic) to repair damage from an injury
---
How can we use machines and other technology to overcome our bodies’ limits?
- wheelchair
- pacemaker (a device that makes your heart beat regularly)
- prosthetic limbs (arms and legs) to replace lost limbs
- hearing aids (outside, like an earbud) and cochlear implants (inside the ear)
---
p. 118
bionic = biology (life) + electronic
part 2 - choose the ending for each sentence (from memory or your best guess)
1 The Bionic Woman was a TV series in which the character was part machine and part human.
2 The documentary is about a woman whose arm was amputated.
3 Doctors have developed a process which grows new organs.
4 Amanda Kitts is learning to do things that we take for granted.
5 Bionics can help people who have lost limbs.
6 There’ll be a time when blind people will use bionic devices to see.
---
p. 119 part 7 - complete the descriptions with the pronouns “who”, “that”, “where”, “when”, “whose”
1 who/that
2 who/that
3 which/that
4 when
5 where
6 whose
bionic limbs the movement of which mimics the body’s natural steps
(Some people, when speaking, say, “bionic limbs thats movement mimics the body’s natural steps”, but this is not standard English.)
---
These are called relative clauses or adjective clauses, because they are clauses and they give more information about nouns.
In this case they are defining relative clauses, because they define or identify the noun we’re talking about.
---
BREAK
---
This is the restaurant where we ate last night. (“where” includes in/at/on/to)
This is the restaurant in which we ate last night. (“which” and “that” do not include prepositions)
(This is the restaurant which we ate in last night.)
This is the restaurant that we ate in last night.
This is the restaurant we ate in last night.

This is the restaurant that Tom likes so much. -> This is the restaurant Tom likes so much.
This is the restaurant that serves great desserts. -> *This is the restaurant serves great desserts.
(We can remove “that” if it isn’t the subject, but if it is the subject we have to keep it.)

he	him	his
who	whom	whose
---
p. 119 part 9 - choose the correct words to complete the sentence (and try to explain the difference between the two words)
1 injured
(Injury can happen accidentally and includes internal injuries. Wounds often come from violence and also refer to injuries on/through the skin.)
2 heal
(People treat injuries and conditions, injuries and bodies heal.)
3 appointment
(Dates are romantic. Appointments are professional or medical.)
4 cure (People and medicines cure conditions when they fix the conditions completely.)
5 hurt (Usually “hurt” is the verb and “pain” is the noun.)
6 treatment (like 2)
7 monitoring
(Monitoring means watching, controlling means we can actually choose to change it.)
8 painful (“hurtful” usually means emotional pain)

side effect = any effect of a treatment that is not the principal reason you use the treatment
---
part 10 - with a group, come up with your own definitions for each word (try to use relative clauses)
surgeon: a person who does surgery
injection: a treatment to put something inside your body with a needle
botox: a liquid which is injected to relax or paralyze muscles
operating room: a room where operations (surgeries) are performed
blood test: an examination or analysis of blood
accident: something that happens unexpectedly and without planning (often it means something bad and dangerous that happens, like a car accident)
emergency: a situation that needs immediate attention or it could be bad or dangerous
scan: a procedure that looks at an area of the body (with a machine) to analyze it
ambulance: a special vehicle that drives people to the hospital in emergencies
stitches: something that doctors do to close cuts in the skin (with a needle and thread, like with clothes)
donor: someone who gives something to someone else (including blood, bone marrow, and organs)
crutches: something that you use to support your body because you can’t walk
surgery: an operation that goes into your body to treat something
	or: a room or clinic where surgery is performed (also operating room)
technician: a professional who works with medical machines (x-ray technician, laboratory technician)
ward: an area of a hospital to take care of a particular group of patients (such as expecting or new mothers in the maternity ward)
x-ray: a scan that shows inside your body, especially your bones
paramedic: a person who is trained to give emergency medical care and who goes with the ambulance
first aid: the help you can give someone first, before the ambulance comes, or if the hospital is unnecessary
---
Would you replace your (healthy) limbs with bionic ones if the bionic ones were better/stronger?
---
Homework: p. 169 practice 1