2014-12-15 Structure: modals test + passives

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
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unit 4 part 4
1 aren't allowed / weren't allowed
2 have to put / should have put
3 are supposed to be / were supposed to be
4 are to pay
5 must pay (no "must have" for obligation)
part 5
- I really should have done
- I shouldn't have rented / I shouldn't be renting
- I might/could/would have saved
- I could have tried
- I am not to pay my employees / not supposed to pay
unit 5 part 4
1 must have been
2 might have worn / might have been wearing
3 might have been upset
4 could have been
5 may have been
6 couldn't have been
7 might not have arrived
part 5
- she must have been worried sick
- but I couldn't have imagined
- even though she may not understand / can't understand
- both of us should be home tomorrow evening
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PASSIVE
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	      subject		     object  (grammar - depends on the sentence)
active: Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa.
	      agent		    patient  (meaning - depends on the real world)

	    subject			object (grammar)
passive: The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci.
	    patient			agent (meaning)

passive voice = [be] + past participle

Stonehenge was built around 4000 years ago.
(We don't know who built it, so there's no "by" phrase.)

passives can be combined with modals:
They might have paid him late this week.
-> He might have been paid late this week.

They will be building the bridge for two more months.
-> The bridge will be being built for two more months.
(this sounds strange with "be being", but the grammar is OK)

modals + perfect + progressive + passive

modals: 	 modal + base form
perfect: 	[have] + past participle
progressive: 	  [be] + present participle (verb+ing)
passive: 	  [be] + past participle

Informally, we sometimes use "get" instead of "be".
They will pay me on Friday.
-> I will get paid on Friday.

Actions which "change" something that already exists.

(OK) My house got painted last weekend.

* The Mona Lisa got painted in 1503.
(This means the Mona Lisa already existed, and then someone added paint to it.)

I should be getting paid on Friday.
(sounds better than "be being")

I will have been getting paid by check for a year on Tuesday