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2015-08-12 Core: 5 destinations and downsides

gmalivuk
Aug 12th, 2015
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  1. Greg Malivuk
  2. [email protected]
  3. http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
  4. (This is the Core class.)
  5. ---
  6. Homework: p. 62 part 3, 4, 5, 6
  7. part 3 - c
  8. part 4
  9. 1 cruise
  10. 2 wildlife
  11. 3 trash (“tons of trash” = a lot of trash)
  12. 4 construction
  13. 5 low-cost air travel
  14. 6 climate change
  15. part 5
  16. 1 Cruises dump waste into the ocean.
  17. 2 Expeditions to pick up the garbage.
  18. 3 You can take many short vacations a year.
  19. 4 traveling by train, low-impact tourism (ecotourism)
  20. part 6
  21. 1 impact
  22. 2 trash/waste
  23. 3 population
  24. 4 habitats
  25. 5 greener
  26. 6 pollute
  27. ---
  28. abandon = leave something empty/without people
  29. booming (for business) = doing very well and making a lot of money
  30. ---
  31. Cruises are bad for the environment. ->
  32. Why are cruises bad for the environment?
  33.  
  34. attributive adjective: It was a bad cruise.
  35. predicate adjective: The cruise was bad.
  36. ---
  37. part 7 - decide if the statements are true or false, or if there isn’t enough information to be sure
  38. (With T and F, also find the sentence in the article that gives this information.)
  39. 1 N (It has grown, but we have no information about if it has reached its peak.)
  40. 2 T “The population of animals such as these Magellanic penguins has been in decline”
  41. 3 N
  42. 4 F “has been spiraling out of control for years” (= it continues to the present)
  43. 5 T “Traveling by train, for example, is a much greener way of getting around.”
  44. ---
  45. part 8 - Have we been destroying the very places we’re escaping to?
  46. ---
  47. part 9 - how green are these activities?
  48. What else can you do to become more green in your own life?
  49. ---
  50. p. 60 - where are these pictures?
  51. part 1 - which pictures have these things?
  52. spoiled - ruined or destroyed
  53. (unspoiled - in good/perfect condition)
  54. ---
  55. BREAK
  56. ---
  57. p. 60 part 2 - use the words in the box to describe the destinations in the map below
  58. US: busy street, crowded market, exotic scenery, peaceful setting, relaxing surroundings, remote village, safe resort, tropical beach, unspoiled coastline, vibrant city
  59. Caribbean: tropical beach, safe resort, busy street, crowded market, exotic scenery, peaceful setting, relaxing surroundings, remote villages, unspoiled coastline, vibrant city
  60. Central America: busy street, crowded market, exotic scenery, peaceful setting, relaxing surroundings, remote village, safe resort, tropical beach, unspoiled coastline, vibrant city
  61. UK (United Kingdom): busy street, crowded market, exotic scenery, peaceful setting, relaxing surroundings, remote village, unspoiled coastline, vibrant city
  62. Central Europe: busy street, crowded market, exotic scenery, peaceful setting, relaxing surroundings, remote village, vibrant city
  63. Spain: busy street, crowded market, exotic scenery, peaceful setting, relaxing surroundings, remote village, safe resort, tropical beach, unspoiled coastline, vibrant city
  64. Egypt: busy street, crowded market, exotic scenery, peaceful setting, relaxing surroundings, remote village, safe resort, tropical beach, unspoiled coastline, vibrant city
  65. Kenya: busy street, crowded market, exotic scenery, peaceful setting, relaxing surroundings, remote village, safe resort, tropical beach, unspoiled coastline, vibrant city
  66. South Africa: busy street, crowded market, exotic scenery, peaceful setting, relaxing surroundings, remote village, safe resort, tropical beach, unspoiled coastline, vibrant city
  67. Antarctica: exotic scenery, peaceful setting, relaxing surroundings, unspoiled coastline
  68. China: busy street, crowded market, exotic scenery, peaceful setting, relaxing surroundings, remote village, safe resort, tropical beach, unspoiled coastline, vibrant city
  69. Australia: busy street, crowded market, exotic scenery, peaceful setting, relaxing surroundings, remote village, safe resort, tropical beach, unspoiled coastline, vibrant city
  70. New Zealand: busy street, crowded market, exotic scenery, peaceful setting, relaxing surroundings, remote village, safe resort, unspoiled coastline, vibrant city
  71. ---
  72. part 3 - Travel Destinations and Activities
  73. 1 cruises
  74. 2 safaris
  75. 3 bush camps
  76. 4 cultural tours
  77. ---
  78. But recently, vacationers have been looking for a different vacation experience.
  79. (present perfect continuous = action started in the past and continues now)
  80.  
  81. I am reading Harry Potter. = I am in the middle of reading it now.
  82. I have been reading Harry Potter. = I am not finished yet. I’m still in the middle of reading it now.
  83. I have read Harry Potter. = At some time in my life, I finished Harry Potter.
  84. I read Harry Potter (last year). = I finished it at a specific, completed time.
  85.  
  86. I am thinking about moving to New York. = I’m thinking about it now (but maybe just started).
  87. I’ve been thinking about moving to New York. = I’m thinking about it now, but I started thinking about it a while ago.
  88.  
  89. If I want to tell you how much time something has continued, I need to use present perfect:
  90. I have been reading HP for the past two weeks. = I started two weeks ago and I am still reading it now.
  91. (I am reading HP for two weeks. = My plan is to read it for two more weeks in the future.)
  92. (I am studying English for two months. = I’m studying now, and the total time (past + future) is 2 months.)
  93. ---
  94. I have been reading three books this month. = All three books are unfinished (I’m in the middle of three books now).
  95.  
  96. I have read three books this month. = The three books are finished (but this month isn’t finished and I may read another book.)
  97. ---
  98. Some verbs are what I call “long actions”. They always continue for a long time, so there isn’t really a difference between simple and continuous:
  99. I live in Boston. = I am living in Boston.
  100. I lived in Boston in 2010. = I was living in Boston in 2010.
  101. I have lived in Boston since 2008. = I have been living in Boston since 2008.
  102. ---
  103. There are also “short actions”. They usually continue for a very short time, so nothing else can happen in the middle of the action, and continuous isn’t common:
  104. The car hit the tree.
  105. (“The car was hitting the tree.” = something happened in the middle of the collision, or the car hit the tree repeatedly. Both are pretty strange.)
  106. ---
  107. Some verbs are not actions (non-action verbs or stative verbs). These don’t take any time. There is no duration and you can’t interrupt them. It is incorrect to use continuous tenses with these verbs.
  108. I have a book right now. I have 1000 books right now. I have 1000000 books right now.
  109. (There’s no limit, because it doesn’t take time to have a book.)
  110. I’m reading a book right now. (okay)
  111. I’m reading 1000 books right now. I’m reading 1000000 books right now. (probably impossible)
  112. *I’m having a book right now. *I’m needing lunch. (WRONG)
  113. ---
  114. continuous = [be] + verb(ing)
  115. perfect = [have] + past participle
  116. present perfect = have/has + past participle
  117. present perfect continuous = have/has + been + verb(ing)
  118. ---
  119. p. 61 part 7
  120. 1 present perfect
  121. 2 present perfect continuous
  122. 3 present perfect
  123. Perfect continuous tenses almost always include duration (e.g. “for two years”), especially past and future.
  124. ---
  125. p. 163 practice 2 - complete the sentences with the present perfect or present perfect continuous
  126. 2 has raised
  127. has been walking
  128. 3 have been coming
  129. has increased
  130. 4 hasn’t been traveling
  131. has seen
  132. 5 have completed
  133. have you been training (question)
  134. ---
  135. Homework: workbook 5b (all of p. 29)
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