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Science Summary - 2020, September

prototyperspective
Oct 16th, 2020 (edited)
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  1. ___ _ ___
  2. / __| __ (_) ___ _ _ __ ___ / __| _ _ _ __ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _
  3. \__ \ / _| | | / -_) | ' \ / _| / -_) \__ \ | || | | ' \ | ' \ / _` | | '_| | || |
  4. |___/ \__| |_| \___| |_||_| \__| \___| |___/ \_,_| |_|_|_| |_|_|_| \__,_| |_| \_, |
  5. |__/
  6. ------------------------------------ September 2020 ------------------------------------
  7.  
  8. https://i.imgur.com/yo21beU.jpg
  9.  
  10. Monthly newsletter:
  11. 9gag: https://mailchi.mp/0a108ee2ca8b/scisum9g
  12. reddit (main): https://mailchi.mp/359cae84aa22/science_summary
  13.  
  14. -------------- Selection & Info --------------
  15.  
  16. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_in_science
  17.  
  18. Items which I added to the Wikipedia list are marked with a star.
  19. Some more relevant information can be found on the list's talk page.
  20. The Wikipedia article also has wikilinks to the relevant Wikipedia articles and timelines.
  21. If you can't read a paper you could use Sci-Hub.se
  22.  
  23. ------------------ Sources ------------------
  24.  
  25. Venus
  26. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/14/science/venus-life-clouds.html
  27. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-020-1174-4
  28.  
  29. *Generic objects of dark energy
  30. https://phys.org/news/2020-09-candidate-mysterious-dark-energy.html
  31. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/abad2f
  32.  
  33. *Myostatin
  34. https://phys.org/news/2020-09-mighty-mice-musclebound-space-boon.html
  35. https://www.pnas.org/content/117/38/23942
  36.  
  37. *Sustainability
  38. https://phys.org/news/2020-09-biodiversity-loss.html
  39. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2705-y
  40.  
  41. *Climate history
  42. https://phys.org/news/2020-09-high-fidelity-earth-climate-history-current.html
  43. https://science.sciencemag.org/content/369/6509/1383
  44.  
  45. *Amazon
  46. https://phys.org/news/2020-09-august-deforestation-brazilian-amazon.html
  47. https://phys.org/news/2020-09-brazil-tropical-wetlands-flames.html
  48. https://phys.org/news/2020-09-desperate-world-biggest-tropical-wetlands.html
  49.  
  50. *Crows
  51. https://phys.org/news/2020-09-conscious-birds-brains.html
  52. https://science.sciencemag.org/content/369/6511/1626
  53. https://science.sciencemag.org/content/369/6511/eabc5534
  54.  
  55. COVID-19
  56. *Face masks
  57. https://phys.org/news/2020-09-shields-masks-valves-ineffective-covid-.html
  58. https://aip.scitation.org/doi/abs/10.1063/5.0022968
  59. *Nanobody
  60. https://phys.org/news/2020-09-nanobody-covid-infection.html
  61. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-18174-5
  62. *Interferons
  63. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/one-in-seven-dire-covid-cases-may-result-from-a-faulty-immune-response/
  64. https://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2020/09/23/science.abd4585
  65.  
  66. _________
  67.  
  68. *Mining for renewable energy
  69. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/sep/01/mining-needed-for-renewable-energy-could-harm-biodiversity
  70. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-17928-5
  71.  
  72. *Digital preservation
  73. https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/09/dozens-scientific-journals-have-vanished-internet-and-no-one-preserved-them
  74. https://arxiv.org/abs/2008.11933
  75.  
  76. *+Global Safety Net
  77. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/ng-interactive/2020/sep/29/planetary-safety-net-could-halt-wildlife-loss-and-slow-climate-breakdown-aoe
  78. https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/6/36/eabb2824
  79.  
  80. *Ocean carbon uptake
  81. https://phys.org/news/2020-09-ocean-carbon-uptake-widely-underestimated.html
  82. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-18203-3
  83.  
  84. *Mammal extinctions
  85. https://phys.org/news/2020-09-humans-climate-driven-rapidly-mammal.html
  86. https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/6/36/eabb2313
  87.  
  88. *SETI
  89. https://phys.org/news/2020-09-australian-telescope-alien-technology-million.html
  90. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/publications-of-the-astronomical-society-of-australia/article/seti-survey-of-the-vela-region-using-the-murchison-widefield-array-orders-of-magnitude-expansion-in-search-space/C175371A2383A6A03FC038D50C4D4B16
  91.  
  92. *Electromagnetic radiation
  93. https://phys.org/news/2020-09-mobile-insects-german.html
  94. https://www.diagnose-funk.org/download.php?field=filename&id=473&class=DownloadItem
  95.  
  96. *Plant-based diet
  97. https://phys.org/news/2020-09-offset-years-climate-warming-emissions-analysis.html
  98. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-020-00603-4
  99.  
  100. *Environmental factors/air pollution
  101. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-eu-health-environment/one-in-eight-deaths-in-europe-linked-to-pollution-environment-eu-says-idUSKBN25Z1L8
  102.  
  103. *CDM
  104. https://phys.org/news/2020-09-hubble-ingredient-current-dark-theories.html
  105. https://science.sciencemag.org/content/369/6509/1347
  106.  
  107. *Solar cycle 25
  108. https://phys.org/news/2020-09-solar-nasa-noaa-scientists.html
  109. https://www.weather.gov/news/201509-solar-cycle
  110.  
  111. *Vikings
  112. https://phys.org/news/2020-09-world-largest-dna-sequencing-viking.html
  113. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2688-8
  114.  
  115. *Carnian Pluvial Event
  116. https://phys.org/news/2020-09-discovery-mass-extinction.html
  117. https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/6/38/eaba0099
  118.  
  119. Superhabitable exoplanets
  120. https://news.sky.com/story/scientists-discover-24-superhabitable-planets-with-conditions-that-are-better-for-life-than-earth-12091801
  121. https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/ast.2019.2161
  122.  
  123. Extragalactic exoplanet
  124. https://www.newscientist.com/article/2255431-astronomers-may-have-found-the-first-planet-in-another-galaxy/
  125. https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.08987
  126.  
  127. *Gene drive research
  128. https://phys.org/news/2020-09-biologists-genetic-neutralize-gene.html
  129. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1097276520306110
  130.  
  131. *Footprints
  132. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/09/ancient-footprints-give-detailed-peek-into-early-humans-migration-from-africa/
  133. https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/6/38/eaba8940
  134.  
  135. *Quantum entanglement
  136. https://phys.org/news/2020-09-quantum-entanglement-distant-large.html
  137. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-020-1031-5
  138.  
  139. Abiogenesis-software
  140. https://www.sciencealert.com/a-new-chemical-tree-of-the-origins-of-life-reveals-our-possible-chemical-evolution
  141. https://science.sciencemag.org/content/369/6511/eaaw1955
  142.  
  143. *Radiation on the Moon
  144. https://phys.org/news/2020-09-moon.html
  145. https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/6/39/eaaz1334
  146.  
  147. *Arctic wildfires
  148. https://phys.org/news/2020-09-arctic.html
  149. https://phys.org/news/2020-09-co2-emissions-arctic-wildfires-eu.html
  150. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41561-020-00645-5
  151.  
  152. *Enzymes
  153. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/sep/28/new-super-enzyme-eats-plastic-bottles-six-times-faster
  154. https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2020/09/23/2006753117/
  155.  
  156. ------------------ Not included ------------------
  157.  
  158. - A new infrared spectroscopy method capable of 80 million spectra per second, nearly 100 times faster than previous techniques, is reported
  159.  
  160. - The largest known black hole merger, detected in May 2019 via gravitational waves, is confirmed, which also provides the first clear evidence of an intermediate-mass black hole.
  161.  
  162. - Researchers in China demonstrate how microplastic pollution contaminates the soil and harms the abundance of common species, such as microarthropods and nematodes, as well as disrupting carbon and nutrient cycling
  163.  
  164. * Researchers present an eight-user city-scale quantum communication network using already deployed fibres without active switching or trusted nodes
  165.  
  166. * Scientists report that asphalt currently is a significant and largely overlooked source of air pollution in urban areas, especially during hot and sunny periods
  167.  
  168. * A study highlights the importance of old bulls in African savannah elephants and, according to the study, raises concerns over the removal of old bulls as currently occurring in both legal trophy hunting and illegal poaching
  169.  
  170. * Scientists announce new experimental evidence for the existence of anyons
  171.  
  172. - Scientists in northern India report the discovery of the fossil molar tooth of a new extinct species, and oldest known ancestor of gibbons, that lived about 13 million years ago, closing a major gap in the hominoid fossil record and showing that gibbons migrated to Asia at least five million years earlier than thought previously
  173.  
  174. * Scientists report the oldest Neanderthal specimen in Central-Eastern Europe, found in the Stajnia Cave. A ~80,000 years old tooth dated via mtDNA shows that at a time of environmental changes Neanderthals most related to those of Northern Caucasus moved farther from their southern home areas than previously known
  175.  
  176. * The WMO publishes a high-level brief compilation of the latest climate science information from the WMO, GCP, UNESCO-IOC, IPCC, UNEP and the Met Office, which is not published under an open license and is subdivided into 7 chapters which each have a list of key messages
  177.  
  178. * Scientists explain a mechanism by which the C. elegans worm learns and inherits pathogenic avoidance after exposure to a single non-coding RNA of a bacterial pathogen
  179.  
  180. * The first proof-of-concept exploit for the Windows Server vulnerability called Zerologon (CVE-2020-1472) for which a patch exists since August is published and some federal agencies using the software have been ordered to install the patch
  181.  
  182. - For the first time in its 175-year history, Scientific American endorses a presidential candidate, Joe Biden
  183.  
  184. - Astronomers report the discovery, for the first time, of a very massive Jupiter-sized planet, named WD 1856 b, closely orbiting, every 36 hours, a tiny white dwarf star, named WD 1856+534, a left-over remnant of an earlier much larger sun-like star
  185.  
  186. * The first case of a, civilian, fatality as a direct consequence of a cyberattack, after ransomware disrupted a hospital in Germany, is reported
  187.  
  188. - Evidence is presented of solid-state water in the interstellar medium, and particularly, of water ice mixed with silicate grains in cosmic dust grains
  189.  
  190. * Researchers report that over half of endangered species' proposed recovery plan budgets are allocated to research and monitoring (R&M), that species with higher proportions of such budgets have poorer recovery outcomes and provide recommendations for ensuring that "conservation programs emphasize action or [R&M] that directly informs action"
  191.  
  192. - Scientists report the discovery of Gnathomortis stadtmani, a very large sea-faring lizard that lived about 80 million years ago
  193.  
  194. * Scientists publish new findings and data about the supermassive black hole M87*, including a video of the black hole based on data not sufficient for images, using statistical modeling about changes in its appearance in 2009–2017, showing variations of its orientation and a wobbling ring – constituting the "first glimpse of the dynamical structure of the accretion flow so close to the black hole's event horizon"
  195.  
  196. - Scientists confirm the existence of several large saltwater lakes under the ice in the south polar region of the planet Mars
  197.  
  198. - Astronomers report the first detection of an earth-mass rogue planet unbounded by any star in the galaxy
  199.  
  200. * Scientists report that they expect construction of the experimental SPARC fusion reactor to begin in 2021 and take four years to complete, and, with seven studies, that it is "very likely" to work
  201.  
  202. - Scientists reaffirm that the first-ever found feather fossil from a dinosaur, about 150 million years old and discovered in 1861, belonged to Archaeopteryx lithographica
  203.  
  204. ------------------ Image sources ------------------
  205.  
  206. - Study
  207. - News article
  208. - Study
  209. - News article
  210. - Study
  211. - News article #2
  212. - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Corvus_corone_-Southend-on-Sea_-England-8.jpg
  213. - Study
  214. - Study
  215. - Study
  216. - Background image: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rENyyRwxpHo
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