2014-12-16 Structure: gerunds & friendship

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
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Monday and Tuesday (December 22 and 23)
- Workshop: 12:30-1:40pm
- Elective: 2:15-4:00pm

Wednesday (December 24): no workshop or elective

The next class after that will be Monday, January 5
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p. 270
conversations that meander everywhere and nowhere
meander: wander, go from "place" to "place"

rhyme: words or phrases that have the same final sound
fat/cat/hat/sat, rare/where/care/stare, like/Mike/bike, etc.
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GERUNDS
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verb+ing, functions as a noun in a sentence

Subject: Walking around on the beach is beautiful.

Object:
- of verbs: I like walking around on the beach.
- of prepositions: I like the feelings of walking around.
		   I'm talking about walking around.
		   I look forward to walking around.
([be] used to, look forward to, adjust to, object to
 "to" is a preposition in these phrases)

Complements:
- subject complement: My favorite activity is walking around on the beach.
- object complement: I saw him walking on the beach.
(Gerunds have a progressive-like meaning as the object complement. He was walking on the beach when I saw him.)

Gerunds are like nouns, so they come after possessives:
His smoking doesn't bother me.
I've heard their singing. I don't want them at my wedding.
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I've seen his driving.
= I've seen the way that he drives. (I've seen the driving.)

I've seen him driving.
= I've seen him while he was driving. (object complement)
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The verb+ing form can be several different things.

gerund		Clothing the poor is an admirable activity.
present part.	She is clothing the poor.
verbal noun	She is collecting clothing for the poor.
gerund		Boring students is very easy to do.
participle	The teacher is boring the students.
adjective	The teacher is boring.
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p. 276 exercise 1B
2 Y (by + gerund = how something is done)
3 N (noun, part of a compound noun)
4 Y
5 Y ("worth" is a preposition in this sentence)
6 N (part of a compound noun, like #3)
7 Y
8 Y (object complement, very common with "hard time")
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passive = [be] + past participle
passive gerund = being + past participle

I enjoy being invited to activities.
Being told what to do is annoying.

perfect = [have] + past participle
perfect/past gerund = having + past participle

I look forward to having done my homework.

(perfect passive: I look forward to having been accepted.)
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p. 279 exercise 4
1 Do you prefer being asked out on a date or asking someone yourself?
2 Are you more interested in entertaining yourself or in being entertained by others?
3 Do you prefer preparing dinner yourself or being invited to dinner by friends?
4 Do you like being told what to do or giving orders?
5 Do you like figuring things out yourself or being shown how to do things?
6 Do you prefer being given advice by friends or giving your friends advice?

"The ball is in your court."
Nuremberg Defense: "I was just following orders."
"Let's not reinvent the wheel."
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Homework: p. 276-278, exercises 2-3