Fiktiv Turkey

Anthem: İstiklal Marşı
Capital: Ankara
Largest city: Istanbul
Official languages: Turkish
Spoken languages: Turkish, Kurmanji, Zaza, Laz, Kabardian-Cherkess, Arabic, various others
Ethnic groups: Turks, Kurds, Arabs, Albanians, Laz, Circassians, Bosniaks, various others
Demonym(s): Turkish, Turk
Government: Unitary parliamentary constitutional republic
• President
Selin Sayek Böke
• Prime Minister
Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu
• Speaker of the Grand National Assembly
Haydar Akar
Legislature: Grand National Assembly (600; CHP 317, AKP 138, HDP 72, İYİ 36, MHP 20, TİP 2, DBP 1, DEVA 1, DP 1, SAADET 1, YP 1, BBP 1, Independents 9)
Establishment
• War of Independence
19 May 1919
• Grand National Assembly of Turkey
23 April 1920
• Treaty of Lausanne
24 July 1923
• Declaration of Republic
29 October 1923
• Current constitution
9 November 1982
Area
• Total
783,356 km2 (302,455 sq mi) (36th)
• Water (%)
2.03 (as of 2015)
Population
• 2019 estimate
Increase 97,954,997
• Density
105/km2 (271.9/sq mi) (107th)
GDP (PPP)	2019 estimate
• Total
Increase $2.471 trillion (13th)
• Per capita
Increase $29,723 (52nd)
GDP (nominal)	2019 estimate
• Total
Decrease $760.940 billion (19th)
• Per capita
Decrease $9,150 (70th)
Gini (2017)	Negative increase 43.0
medium · 56th
HDI (2018)	Increase 0.806
very high · 59th
Currency: Turkish lira (TRY)
Time zone: UTC+2 (EET)
• Summer (DST)
UTC+3 (EEST)
Date format: dd.mm.yyyy (CE)
Mains electricity: 230 V–50 Hz
Driving side: right
Calling code: +90
ISO 3166 code: TR
Internet TLD: .tr

Turkey, officially the Republic of Turkey, is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeastern Europe. Turkey is a democratic, secular, unitary, parliamentary republic with a diverse cultural heritage. Turkey is bordered on its northwest by Greece and Bulgaria; north by the Black Sea; northeast by Georgia; east by Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran; southeast by Iraq; south by Syria and the Mediterranean Sea; and west by the Aegean Sea. Approximately 70 to 80 percent of the country's citizens are Turkish. Istanbul, which straddles Europe and Asia, is the country's largest city, while Ankara is the capital.

One of the earliest permanently settled regions, present-day Turkey was home to important Neolithic sites such as Göbekli Tepe, the world's oldest known temple founded in the 10th millennium BC, and Çatalhöyük, which has evidence of early agriculture and cattle and sheep domestication. Various civilisations have inhabited the region, including the ancient Hattians, Hurrians, Urartians, and Kaskians, the Anatolian-speaking Hittites, Luwians, Lydians, and Palaics, as well as the Akkadians, Assyrians, Thracians, Galatians, Greeks, Phrygians, Persians, and Armenians. Two of the extinct Anatolian languages, Hittite and Luwian, are considered the earliest-attested of all Indo-European languages. Hellenization started during the era of Alexander the Great and continued into the Byzantine era. The Seljuk Turks began migrating into the area in the 11th century, and their victory over the Byzantines at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 symbolises the foundation of Turkey for many Turkish nationalists. The Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm ruled Anatolia until the Mongol invasion in 1243, when it disintegrated into small Turkish principalities called beyliks. Beginning in the late 13th century, the Ottomans started uniting the beyliks and conquering the Balkans. The Turkification of Anatolia increased during the Ottoman period. After Mehmed II conquered Constantinople in 1453, Ottoman expansion continued under Selim I. During the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire encompassed much of Southeast Europe, West Asia and North Africa and became a world power. From the late 18th century onwards, the empire's power declined with a gradual loss of territories and wars. In an effort to consolidate the weakening social and political foundations of the empire, Mahmud II started a period of modernisation in the early 19th century, bringing reforms in all areas of the state including the military and bureaucracy, along with the emancipation of all citizens.

The 1913 coup d'état effectively put the country under the control of the Three Pashas, who were largely responsible for the Empire's entry into World War I in 1914. During World War I, the Ottoman government committed genocides against its Armenian, Assyrian and Pontic Greek subjects. After the Ottomans and the other Central Powers lost the war, the conglomeration of territories and peoples that had composed the Ottoman Empire was partitioned into several new states. The Turkish War of Independence, initiated by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and his comrades against the occupying Allied Powers, resulted in the abolition of the sultanate on 1 November 1922, the replacement of the Treaty of Sèvres (1920) with the Treaty of Lausanne (1923), and the establishment of the Republic of Turkey on 29 October 1923, with Atatürk as its first president. Atatürk enacted numerous reforms, many of which incorporated various aspects of Western thought, philosophy and customs into the new form of Turkish government.

Turkey is a charter member of the UN, an early member of NATO, the IMF, and the World Bank, and a founding member of the OECD, OSCE, BSEC, OIC, and G20. After becoming one of the early members of the Council of Europe in 1950, Turkey became an associate member of the EEC in 1963, joined the EU Customs Union in 1995, and started accession negotiations with the European Union in 2005. Turkey is a developing country and its economy and diplomatic initiatives have led to its recognition as a regional power and a newly industrialized state by several analysts, while its location has given it geopolitical and strategic importance throughout history.

Turkey has a unitary structure in terms of administration and this aspect is one of the most important factors shaping the Turkish public administration. When three powers (executive, legislative and judiciary) are taken into account as the main functions of the state, local administrations have little power. Turkey is a unitary not a federal system, and the provinces are subordinated to the centre. Local administrations were established to provide services in place and the government is represented by the governors and city governors. Besides the governors and the city governors, other senior public officials are also appointed by the central government rather than appointed by mayors or elected by constituents.

Within this unitary framework, Turkey is subdivided into 81 provinces for administrative purposes. Each province is divided into districts, for a total of 973 districts. Turkey is also subdivided into 7 regions and 21 subregions for geographic, demographic and economic purposes; this does not refer to an administrative division.

The largely centralized structure of decision-making in Ankara is often considered an impediment to good governance, and causes resentment in particular in ethnic minority regions. Steps towards decentralization since 2004 have proved to be a highly controversial topic in Turkey. Turkey is obligated under the European Charter of Local Self-Government to decentralize its administrative structure. A decentralization program for Turkey is an ongoing discussion in the country's academics, politics and the broader public.

List of provinces:
Adana
Adıyaman
Afyonkarahisar
Ağrı
Amasya
Ankara
Antalya
Artvin
Aydın
Balıkesir
Bilecik
Bingöl
Bitlis
Bolu
Burdur
Bursa
Çanakkale
Çankırı
Çorum
Denizli
Diyarbakır
Edirne
Elazığ
Erzincan
Erzurum
Eskişehir
Gaziantep
Giresun
Gümüşhane
Hakkâri
Hatay
Isparta
Mersin
Istanbul
İzmir
Kars
Kastamonu
Kayseri
Kırklareli
Kırşehir
Kocaeli
Konya
Kütahya
Malatya
Manisa
Kahramanmaraş
Mardin
Muğla
Muş
Nevşehir
Niğde
Ordu
Rize
Sakarya
Samsun
Siirt
Sinop
Sivas
Tekirdağ
Tokat
Trabzon
Tunceli
Şanlıurfa
Uşak
Van
Yozgat
Zonguldak
Aksaray
Bayburt
Karaman
Kırıkkale
Batman
Şırnak
Bartın
Ardahan
Iğdır
Yalova
Karabük
Kilis
Osmaniye
Düzce