import java.util.Random;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.math.*;
import java.text.DecimalFormat;

public class Main {

  private static boolean str1;

  public static void main(String[] args) { // String[] is a parameter and public static void
                                           // main(String[] args) is a header
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    // I'm Joseph Cisar and welcome to my integration project! This project is a
    // combination of my programming exercises and code demonstrated in module resources.
    // The main set-up is a main menu. By entering the number of your choice, the option will
    // appear.
    // Use ctrl + shift + f to auto-format jjjjj
    System.out.println("Welome to my Integration Project!");
    int x = 4;
    int y = 4;
    int weeks = x + y;
    System.out.println(
        "This project will show you " + weeks + " weeks of what Java I have learned so far.");
    System.out.println(
        "In the box below, select any of the following to learn or to use a program made with Java.");
    // List of Data Types:
    // Integer (int) is used for whole numbers and will return a whole number during division.
    // Double (double) is used for decimal values and will return a decimal in division.
    // Boolean The boolean data type has only two possible values: true and false.
    // Use this data type for simple flags that track true/false conditions.
    // String (str) represents character strings. Strings are constant and cannot be changed after
    // being created.

    System.out.println("------------------------------------------------------------");
    System.out.println("| 1. Basic Calculator                                      |");
    System.out.println("| 2. Use relational and conditional operators              |");
    System.out.println("| 3. Increment and decrement operators                     |");
    System.out.println("| 4. compareTo() and equalTo() strings                     |");
    System.out.println("| 5. Math/Random class example                             |");
    System.out.println("| 6. Switch statements                                     |");
    System.out.println("| 7. Casting example                                       |");
    System.out.println("| 8. Final example                                         |");
    System.out.println("| 9. Escape equences                                       |");
    System.out.println("| 10. View code: Create a method with arguments and return |");
    System.out.println("| 11. View code: 3 string methods                          |");
    System.out.println("------------------------------------------------------------");

    Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
    System.out.println("Enter choice here: ");
    int mainMenuChoice = sc.nextInt();

    while (mainMenuChoice > 0) {

      if (mainMenuChoice == 1) {

        System.out
            .println("Enter a number in the box below to chose what arthimic operation you want.");
        System.out.println("----------------------");
        System.out.println("| 1. Addition        |");
        System.out.println("| 2. Subtraction     |");
        System.out.println("| 3. Multiplication  |");
        System.out.println("| 4. Division        |");
        System.out.println("| 5. Module          |");
        System.out.println("----------------------");

        int num = sc.nextInt();

        if (num == 1) {

          // Operator Precedence:
          // In Java, operator precedence is when two operators share an operand the operator with
          // the higher precedence goes first
          // For example, multiplication and division have a higher precedence than addition and
          // subtraction -- another example is PEMDAS
          // Precedence rules can be overridden by parentheses and arrays
          System.out.println("Enter two decimal numbers to find the sum.");
          System.out.println("Number 1: ");
          double input1 = sc.nextDouble();
          System.out.println("Number 2: ");
          double input2 = sc.nextDouble();
          System.out.println(input1 + input2); // (input1 + input2) is an argument
        } else if (num == 2) {
          System.out.println("Enter two decimal numbers to find the difference.");
          System.out.println("Number 1: ");
          double input1 = sc.nextDouble();
          System.out.println("Number 2: ");
          double input2 = sc.nextDouble();
          System.out.println(input1 - input2);
        } else if (num == 3) {
          System.out.println("Enter two decimal numbers to find the product.");
          System.out.println("Number 1: ");
          double input1 = sc.nextDouble();
          System.out.println("Number 2: ");
          double input2 = sc.nextDouble();
          System.out.println(input1 * input2);
        } else if (num == 4) {
          System.out.println("Enter two decimal numbers to find the quotient.");
          System.out.println("Number 1: ");
          double input1 = sc.nextDouble();
          System.out.println("Number 2: ");
          double input2 = sc.nextDouble();
          System.out.println(input1 / input2);
        } else if (num == 5) {
          System.out.println("Enter two decimal numbers to find the difference.");
          System.out.println("Number 1: ");
          double input1 = sc.nextDouble();
          System.out.println("Number 2: ");
          double input2 = sc.nextDouble();
          System.out.println(input1 % input2);
        }
      }

      else if (mainMenuChoice == 2) {

        System.out.println("In the box below are relational and conditional statements.");
        // Relational and conditional statements are: <, >, ==, >=, <=, !=
        System.out.println("Enter two numbers and see if the first number you entered is: ");
        System.out.println(
            "greater than (>), less than (<), equal to (=), greater than or equal to (>=), less than or equal to (<=), or not equal (!=)");
        // >, <, <=,>= are relational
        // != and == are equality
        System.out.println("Enter two integers: ");
        System.out.println("Number 1: ");
        int input1 = sc.nextInt();
        System.out.println("Number 2: ");
        int input2 = sc.nextInt();
        if (input1 > input2) {
          System.out.println(input1 + " is greater than " + input2);
        }
        if (input1 < input2) {
          System.out.println(input1 + " is less than " + input2);
        }
        if (input1 == input2) {
          System.out.println(input1 + " is equal than " + input2);
        }
        if (input1 <= input2) {
          System.out.println(input1 + " is less than or equal to " + input2);
        }
        if (input1 >= input2) {
          System.out.println(input1 + " is greater than or equal to " + input2);
        }
        if (input1 != input2) {
          System.out.println(input1 + " is not equal to " + input2);
        } else {
          System.out.println("Incorrect input. Please try again.");
        }
      } else if (mainMenuChoice == 3) {

        System.out.println("Increment Operator example:");
        System.out.println("View code for explanation.");
        int a = 5, b = 5;

        System.out.println(++a); // outputs 6, ++ increments the value of a and then returns a
        System.out.println(a); // outputs 6

        System.out.println(b++); // outputs 5, ++ returns the value of b and then increments
        System.out.println(b); // outputs 6

        System.out.println("Compound Assignment Operator example");
        System.out.println("View code for explanation.");
        int c = 2;
        // c += 3 is the equivalent to c = c + 3
        c += 3; // c now equals 5
        System.out.println(c);

        System.out.println("Decrement Operator example");
        System.out.println("View code for explanation.");
        int d = 8;

        System.out.println(d--); // outputs 8, -- decrements the value of d and then returns d
        System.out.println(d); // outputs 7
        break;
      } else if (mainMenuChoice == 4) {

        System.out.println("Enter 1 or 2 to compare strings or to see if the strings are equal.");
        int value = sc.nextInt();
        System.out.println("----------------------------");
        System.out.println("| 1. compareTo() strings   |");
        System.out.println("| 2. equalTo() strings     |");
        System.out.println("----------------------------");

        if (value == 1) {

          System.out.println("You chose to compare three strings!");
          String str1 = "You chose to compare three strings!";
          String str2 = "compareTo example";
          String str3 = "You chose to compare three strings!";

          int variable1 = str1.compareTo(str2); // Compares str1 and str2
          System.out.println("str1 and str2 comparison: " + variable1);

          int variable2 = str1.compareTo(str3); // Compares str1 and str3
          System.out.println("str1 and str3 comparison: " + variable2);

          int variable3 = str2.compareTo("compareTo example"); // Compares str2 and the argument
          System.out.println("str2 and string argument comparison: " + variable3);
        }
        if (value == 2) {

          System.out.println("You chose to see if the strings are equal to one another.");
          // Could not get this test to work
          // str1.equals(str2);
          // str1 = String("true1").equals("true1"); // this test is true, both strings have the
          // same value
          // System.out.println(str1);

          boolean str5 = String("false1") == "false1"; // this test is false, they are not the same
                                                       // object "==" compares the two object
                                                       // references and determines
                                                       // whether they refer to the same
                                                       // instance
          System.out.println(str5);

          boolean str3 = String("false2") == new String("false2"); // this test is false, a new
                                                                   // string will not
          System.out.println(str3); // be equal

          boolean str = "true2" == "true2"; // this test is true, both strings have the same value
                                            // and are assigned to the same object
          System.out.println(str); // assigned to the same object

          boolean str4 = "true3" == "tr" + "ue" + "3"; // this test is true, the string literals are
                                                       // concatenated which will print them
                                                       // together
          System.out.println(str4);
        }
      }
      if (mainMenuChoice == 5) {
        useMath(sc);
      }
      if (mainMenuChoice == 6) {

        System.out.println("Enter a number 1-7 to find the corresponding day of the week.");
        int day = sc.nextInt();
        // A switch statement allows a variable to be tested for equality against a list of values,
        // the values are called "case"
        switch (day) {
          case 1:
            System.out.println("It's Sunday");
            break;
          case 2:
            System.out.println("It's Monday");
            break;
          case 3:
            System.out.println("It's Tuesday");
            break;
          case 4:
            System.out.println("It's Wednesday");
            break;
          case 5:
            System.out.println("It's Thursday");
            break;
          case 6:
            System.out.println("It's Friday");
            break;
          case 7:
            System.out.println("It's Saturday");
            break;
          default: // default output is what's printed when the incorrect input is entered
            System.out.println("Incorrect input.");
        }
      }
      if (mainMenuChoice == 7) {
        // Casting is used to convert an object or variable of one type into another
        double calculatedMark = 86.6;
        int finalGrade = (int) calculatedMark; // In this example, 86.6 is converted into 87 by
                                               // widening
        System.out.println("The casted number is " + finalGrade);

      }
      if (mainMenuChoice == 8) {
        // When final is used, the final value of the variable cannot be changed once it has been
        // assigned
        final double PI = 3.14;
        DecimalFormat df = new DecimalFormat("##.##"); // Decimal format allows you to control how
                                                       // many decimals you want in your answer
                                                       // The # sign holds the places
        System.out.println("Enter an integer to multiply it by PI: ");
        double choice8 = sc.nextDouble();
        double product = choice8 * PI;
        System.out.println(choice8 + " * " + PI + " is " + (df.format(product))); // Decimal format
                                                                                  // is assigned
      }
      if (mainMenuChoice == 9) {
        System.out.println("My Integration Project...\t is almost finshed!"); // Insert a tab in the
                                                                              // text at this point
        System.out.println("My Integration Project... is almost finshed!\b"); // Insert a backspace
                                                                              // in the text at this
                                                                              // point
        System.out.println("My Integration Project...\n is almost finshed!"); // Insert a newline in
                                                                              // the text at this
                                                                              // point
        System.out.println("My\r Integration Project... is almost finshed!"); // Insert a carriage
                                                                              // return in the text
                                                                              // at this point.
        System.out.println("My Integration\f Project... is almost finshed!"); // Insert a formfeed
                                                                              // in the text at this
                                                                              // point.
        System.out.println("My \'Integration Project\'... is almost finshed!"); // Insert a single
                                                                                // quote character
                                                                                // in the text at
                                                                                // this point.
        System.out.println("My \"Integration Project\"... is almost finshed!"); // Insert a double
                                                                                // quote character
                                                                                // in the text at
                                                                                // this point.
        System.out.println("My \\Integration Project\\... is almost finshed!"); // Insert a
                                                                                // backslash
                                                                                // character in the
                                                                                // text at this
                                                                                // point.
      }
      if (mainMenuChoice == 10) {

        double length = 17.0;
        double width = 9.7;
        //calculateArea here is a call
        // inside the () is arguments
        System.out.println(calculateArea(length, width));
      }

    }
    if (mainMenuChoice == 11) {
      System.out.println("The code is there but they are not printing.");

      String Str1 = new String("How long is this string?");
      System.out.print("The string is " + Str1.length() + "characters long.");
      System.out.println(Str1.length()); // The length() method gives the length of how many
                                         // characters long the string is

      String Str2 = "What number character is \"c\" in this string?";
      char charNum = Str2.charAt(11);
      System.out.println(charNum); // The charAt() method returns the character located at the
                                   // number given

      String Str3 = new String("is finally done!");
      System.out.print("My Integration Project");
      System.out.println(Str3.toString()); // The toString() method returns itself as a string
    }
    System.out.println("Enter choice here: ");
    mainMenuChoice = sc.nextInt();

  }
// this is a method
  // the top line is called a header
  // inside () is parameters
  public static double calculateArea(double side1, double side2) {
    double area;
    area = side1 * side2;
    return area;
  }

  public static void useMath(Scanner sc) {
    System.out.println(
        "Chose 1 to raise a random integer to a random integer or 2 to find the sine, cosine, and tangent of a random degree.");
    int mathChoice = sc.nextInt();
    System.out.println("------------------------------------------------------");
    System.out.println("| 1. Raising a number to a power                     |");
    System.out.println("| 2. Find the sine, cosine and tangent of a degree   |");
    System.out.println("------------------------------------------------------");

    if (mathChoice == 1) {
      Random rand = new Random(); // Generates a random number
      int value = rand.nextInt(4);
      int value2 = rand.nextInt(4);
      System.out.println(value + " to the " + value2 + "th power is " + Math.pow(value, value2));
    }
    if (mathChoice == 2) {
      Random rand = new Random();
      int degree = rand.nextInt(360); // 360 is the limit
      System.out.println("The sine of " + degree + "° is " + Math.sin(degree));
      System.out.println("The cosine of " + degree + "° is " + Math.cos(degree));
      System.out.println("The tangent of " + degree + "° is " + Math.tan(degree));
    }
  }


}