2014-08-25 Structure: test and modification of nouns

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Homework: p. 133
A
1 Most
2 amount of
3 any
4 a lot of
5 a couple (of) (both are fine)
6 The number of
7 many
8 little
9 plenty of ("plenty" always goes with "of")
10 no
B
1 many
2 much
3 a lot of
4 a few
5 a lot of
6 Every
C
1 B - number
2 C - little
3 D - anything
4 A - A great many of

"not" together with a "no-" word (nothing, never, nobody,
none, etc.) is a double negative, and is not standard English
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TEST

the buffalo - generic (meaning the species)

"carries" -> singular -> "each" or "every"
each of her students
every student / every one of her students
"There is little need for backpacks."
= "They almost don't need backpacks."

"little" and "few" are similar to "almost no"

"classroom" is singular -> every

"comeback" is a count noun (plural or you need a determiner)
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Modification of Nouns
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Determiners (articles, possessives, quantifiers)

Opinion
Size (strength, speed)
Age (temperature)
Shape
Color
Origin (social class, level)
Material

Noun Modifiers (for compound nouns)

Head Noun (what is the thing we're talking about?)
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a 250-page book
a 250-pound man
a 25-year-old woman
(number+SINGULAR noun)

a book that won a prize = a prize-winning book
a movie that won an award = an award-winning movie
a TV show that ran a long time = a long-running TV show
a salesman who talks fast = a fast-talking salesman
(noun+present participle)
(adverb+present participle)

a problem that is related to stress = a stress-related problem
a person who is known well = a well-known person
(noun+past participle)
(adverb+past particple)

a one-legged man
a long-haired woman
armed, eyed, handed, footed, etc. ("past participles" of body
parts)
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five dollar bills = 5 bills of $1 each
five-dollar bills = ? bills of $5 each

She babysits five-year-old children. (each is 5 years old)
She babysits five year-old children. (each is 1 year old)
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a hardworking student
homemade apple pie
(some compound modifiers are used frequently enough to become
a single word)
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p. 140 - order of multiple adjectives
2 new silk
3 ugly purple denim
4 suitable dress-up ("dress-up" = level)
5 interesting and important (both opinions)
6 good, memorable / memorable good
7 sloppy and unstylish (both opinions)
8 round blue sapphire
9 oval green emerald
10 excellent tomato-and-cheese
11 fancy dress-up
12 beautiful purple denim
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Mexican black bean - "black bean" is a specific type of bean,
so in this case "black" is more fundamental than color usually
is, and comes after "Mexican", the origin

North American black bear - "black bear" is a specific species
of bear, so it is more fundamental than the origin