romantic period 8a


1. What are the dates of the Romantic period in music?
	(1820-1900)
2. Where does Romanticism get its name?
	Romanticism take its name from the medieval romances,
	which were stories and poems about heroic figures,
	written in one of the Romance languages of the people.
3. What are "Romance" languages?
	The Romance languages, occasionally called the Latin
	languages, are a group of languages descended from
	Latin and include French, Italian, and Spanish.
	Although some songs and operas in this period
	are about love, the traditional meaning of the
	English word "romance" is
	unrelated to this time period in history.
4. Where did Romantic composers get their inspiration?
	Composers got their inspirations from
	life experience, from nature and its wildness,
	the supernatural, poetry, ancient mythology,
	the romantic ideal of love and the notion of
	unfulfilled love, and the suffering from a
	loss or death of a loved one. Small spontaneous
	and flexible forms (miniatures), programmatic forms,
	or large grandiose forms dictated how the
	music was written. Many of the earlier Classical
	forms such as sonata, theme and variations,
	minuet and trio, and rondo form were stretched
	or abandoned. The new Romantic forms were
	governed by spontaneity, expression,
	ideas, individualism and creative freedom.
5. What effect did the rise of the middle class
 in the 19th century have on music performances?
	Another social development that had an effect
	on music was the rise of the middle class.
	Classical-era composers lived on the patronage
	of the aristocracy; their audience was generally
	small, upper-class, and knowledgeable about music.
	The Romantic composer, on the other hand, was
	often writing for public concerts and festivals,
	with large audiences of paying customers who
	had not necessarily had any music lessons.
	In fact, the nineteenth century saw the
	first "pop-star" stage personalities.
	19th-century performers like the violinist
	Niccolò Paganini and the pianist
	Franz Liszt were as famous as the Beatles or Madonna of our time.
6. Why did music publishing flourish in the Romantic period?
	Music publishing flourished in the 1800s because
	of the growth of the middle class
	and the growing interest in classical music.
7. Who were the two "big-name" star performers in the Romantic period?
	paganini n liszt


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romanti pd the art song 8b

1. What is an art song?
	(or lied) voice n piano song that enhanced themes n images in the text
2. Where is an art song designed to be sung?
	in intimate settings with refinement or listener involvement
3. Why are art songs usually sung in their original languages?
	music dictates the number of needed syllables and the location of
	accents so translation was difficult
4. What two composers are considered to mark the beginning
of the Romantic style in music?
	franz schubert and beethoven
5. What great Romantic composer served as a torchbearer for Beethoven's funeral?
	schubert
6. How many art songs did Schubert compose?
	>600
7. Schubert's work Erlkönig (Erlking) is an example of what kind of song?
	art song
8. What is a "Schubertiad"?
	small, private concert
9. Describe through-composed form.
	new music for each section of the text w changing melody and harmony
10. Describe strophic form.
	music is used over n over again but w new words each time
11. What is a song cycle?
	a tightly structured group of individual songs that tell a
	story or treat a single theme
12. What Romantic composer married his piano teacher's daughter?
	robert schumann
13. Why is it thought that Schumann wrote so many songs in 1840?
	he was looking forward to winning over permission to marry Clara Wieck,
	thru her dad's objections towards it


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program music n ballet 8c


1. What is program music?
	music that evokes images and ideas
2. What is absolute music?
	pure music which consists of musical patterns that have no literary
	or pictorial meanings
3. Describe the form known as a concert overture.
	single-movement concert pieve for orchestra based on a literary idea,
	might evoke a location or emobyd a literary or patriotic idea
4. What is incidental music?
	consists of a overture and a series of pieces performed btwn
	the acts of a play and during important scenes
5. What is a program symphony?
	a multi-movement orchestral work
6. What is a symphonic poem?
	a program music for orchestra,
	in one movement, with contrasting sections to develop a
	poetic idea, suggest a scene, or create a mood
7. What did Berlioz write in addition
to his musical compositions?
	reviews and articles
8. Who was Harriet Smithson?
	an actress in one of the plays
	he attended, who he later married and
	had kids with
9. What is Berlioz's best-known program symphony?
	Symophony Fantastique
10. What is the source of the "program" for Berlioz's Symphonie fantastique?
	his personal life
11. What is the melody known as "Dies irae"
that Berlioz used in his program symphony?

12. Who is the most famous Russian composer in the Romantic period?

13. What Russian composer traveled to the
United States for the opening of Carnegie Hall in New York?
	TCHAIKOVSKY
14. Upon what famous play is Tchaikovsky's Romeo and Juliet based?

15. Tchaikovsky's Romeo and Juliet is an example of what kind of program music?

16. How is the early development of ballet related to opera?

17. Who is the most well-known composer of ballet music in the Romantic period?