2015-03-05 Evening: conditionals

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
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Homework: 200-201 Grammar (Implied conditionals)
1 would be
  ran
  would be planted
  would absorb
  would produce
  would be
2 Imagine if carbon dioxide weren't produced
  would be
  wouldn't need
  would be planted
  would be maintained
3 lived (this is the hypothetical condition, so we use if-clause grammar)
  hydrogen could be produced
  would never run out
  would use
  would be
  wouldn't need to
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Past Real:
If he was at the party last night, he didn't tell me about it.
if    +   [past]                 ,          [past]

Present Real (0th conditional):
If     you are from Mexico, you probably speak Spanish.
If you're not a US citizen, you have to stand in that line.
if  +  [present]          ,         [present]

Future Real (1st conditional):
If you study hard, you will pass the test tomorrow.
if + [present]   ,    [future]

Real = maybe this was/is/will be true, but I don't know
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Present/Future Unreal (2nd conditional):
If             I were very rich,    I      would   travel every month.
If     I won tomorrow's lottery,    I      would    be    very happy.
If he were going to leave early,    he     would   tell   someone.
if + [past without "was"]      , subject + would + base form
					could/might
Past Unreal (3rd conditional):
If I had been in Australia, I   would have       seen        a kangaroo.
if + [past perfect]       , S + would have + past participle

Unreal = this is not true or at least not likely, but let's imagine
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p.185
	0 Factual: present and past real
If it rained, we would always go by bus. ("would" = past habitual action)
("if" has the same meaning as "when" in these sentences)

	1 Predictive: future real
If it rains, we will go by bus. (I don't know about the weather.)
("When it rains, we will go by bus." = I know that it will rain.)

p.186
	2 Hypothetical: present/future unreal
If you came in the summer, we could go camping. (At this time we're still just thinking about your visit. You haven't started making any plans yet.)
If you lived closer, we'd visit you more often. (Really you don't live close, so we don't visit you much.)

"He won't behave." can be a future prediction, or a present 'refusal'
For present refusals: "If she would behave, I could read her her bedtime story."

	3 Counterfactual: past unreal
If I had come by bus, I would have been late.
If you'd seen him, you'd have laughed.
       = had           = would
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"coulda, shoulda, woulda" <- pronunciations of "could've", "should've", "would've"

(Some people write "would of", which is always wrong and appears uneducated.)
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p. 186 exercise 6
1 If I knew Jason's phone number I could tell him what happened.
2 If she had prepared for the test, she would have passed.
3 If you had warned us about the bad weather, I would have brought a raincoat.
4 If I were in your situation, I would start looking for another job.
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p. 192
You will pass the test   if    you study. (studying is one way to pass the test)
You will past the test only if you study. (studying is the only way to pass it)
You will fail the test unless  you study. (studying is the only way to avoid failing)
You will fail the test if you don't study. ("unless" => if + not)

You will fail the test even if you study. (studying won't help you, and this is surprising)
I would be hungry now even if I had had dinner. (I didn't eat, but eating wouldn't have helped me, because I'm always hungry.)

You failed the test even though you studied. (studying didn't help you)
I am hungry now even though I had dinner. (I ate, but it didn't help me.)

You will pass the test whether or not you study. (studying won't change your result, nothing about surprise)
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(No homework because there will be new people in our class next Tuesday.)