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- Greg Malivuk
- http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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- Homework: p. 83 part 7 and p. 166 practice 1
- Also: look for information about your stop on the Freedom Trail, prepare to talk about it with your partner in class tomorrow
- p. 83 part 7
- 1 However
- 2 owing to
- 3 When
- 4 and
- 5 since
- 6 In spite of (they didn’t expect to win but they succeeded -> contrast)
- 7 In addition to
- 8 following
- p. 166 practice 1
- 2 In addition to helping us understand the present, history is an enjoyable subject.
- In addition to being an enjoyable subject, history helps us understand the present.
- 3 The event was canceled owing to the fact that there was not enough funding for it.
- The event was canceled owing to the lack of funding. (nominalization)
- (The event was canceled due to lack of funds.)
- 4 We assumed you weren’t coming since we hadn’t heard from you.
- Since we hadn’t heard from you, we assumed you weren’t coming.
- 5 The pharaohs of ancient Egypt were seen as kings as well as gods.
- 6 Although little is known about the man himself, Herodotus was a famous historian.
- Although Herodotus was a famous historian, little is known about the man himself.
- 7 I’ve lived in this apartment since I moved to Madrid in July 2010.
- I’ve lived in this apartment since moving to Madrid in July 2010.
- 8 The Spartans lost despite being brave.
- The Spartans lost despite their bravery. (nominalization)
- In addition to Latin, I also studied Greek in school.
- I cried as a baby. = I cried when I was a baby (in the 1980s)
- I cried like a baby. = I cried similarly to a baby (more recently).
- He’s great as a friend but terrible as a roommate.
- = He is a good friend but he is a terrible roommate.
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- Freedom Trail Tour (Friday or Monday)
- Boston Common and New State House - Antonio and Isa
- Granary Burying Ground - (Greg)
- King’s Chapel and Burying Ground - Pluem and Ha
- Old City Hall / First Public School - Joy and Sara
- Corner Bookstore and Irish Famine Memorial - Laura, Gustavo, Beatrice
- Old South Meeting House (and tea party) - Teresa and Libia
- Old State House (and massacre) - Diego and Laura
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- regulars, redcoats = British military troops
- colonists = civilians (British citizens) who lived in the British colonies
- loyalists = colonists who supported British rule
- patriots = colonists who supported American independence
- Puritans = members of a religious group that came to America to get away from the Church of England, which they didn’t like
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- Tell your partners about how you used to spend your free time when you were children (between 7 and 12). What kinds of toys did you have? What other things did you do?
- p. 84 part 1 - Now discuss these questions about your childhood toys.
- What were some toys all of you used to have?
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- BREAK
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- micro- = small
- microhistory = study of the daily lives of individuals
- p. 84 part 2 - read the definition of microhistory, then listen and answer the two questions
- 1 What were people’s attitudes to children?
- 2 They discovered toys, which means that children had toys and were able to play with them.
- part 3 - Listen again and answer these questions.
- 1 b
- 2 b
- 3 b
- 4 a
- 5 ? (He mentions both, and we don’t know which was more common.)
- 6 b
- The River Thames: “Thames” is pronounced like “tems”, and the order is the opposite of how we typically name American rivers (e.g. the Charles River, Mississippi River, etc.)
- What is a possible advantage of avoiding emotional attachment to young children in the Middle Ages?
- - Many children died very young at that time.
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- Idioms about luck
- “We struck gold.” = We came across something valuable. = We got very lucky.
- p. 84 part 5 - Decide what each of these phrases means.
- 1 d (especially because you were somehow “late”)
- 2 d (because you made a big mistake)
- 3 b
- 4 c
- 5 a
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- Language focus: subordinate clauses (dependent clauses)
- clause = a group of words with a subject and verb
- independent clause = a clause that can be a complete sentence by itself
- dependent or subordinate clause = a clause that can’t be a complete sentence by itself
- (It needs to have an independent clause with it.)
- main clause = an independent clause in a sentence with one or more subordinate clauses
- “Compared to children today” really isn’t a clause, subordinate or otherwise.
- “When they are compared to children today” is a subordinate clause
- nevertheless, furthermore, insofar as, inasmuch as - these must be written together to make linking words
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- p. 85 part 8 - Choose the correct way to complete each sentence.
- 1 c
- 2 d
- 3 b
- 4 a
- I’ll bring my umbrella if it rains tomorrow. = I’ll bring my umbrella for rain, but I may not bring it on a sunny day.
- I’ll bring my umbrella in case it rains tomorrow. = I’ll bring my umbrella either way, because maybe it will rain. = I’ll bring my umbrella regardless of the weather.
- Assuming that they are toys = If we assume that they are toys (but we understand that they may not be)
- http://www.wordandphrase.info/analyzeText.asp (to see 201 examples of a word in a sentence)
- http://corpus.byu.edu/coca/ (search with “KWIC”, click on the year for more context)
- http://www.learnersdictionary.com/ - definitions suitable for English language learners
- insofar as = to the extent that / to the degree that
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- part 10 - complete the passage with the correct subordinating conjunction (or expression)
- 1 insofar as
- 2 in view of the fact that
- 3 As far as some historians are concerned = In the view of some historians
- 4 in spite of
- 5 Given that (we know this is true, and therefore...)
- 6 Supposing that (we don’t know this is true, but if we suppose it is,...)
- 7 contrary to
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- Homework: p. 86 parts 2, 3, 4 about the reading on p. 87
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