Li Hua-Class Aviso (Ex-Karhyu) [1898] (Taishe)

Li Hua (Ex-Karhyu)-Class, Taishe Dynasty Unprotected Cruiser laid down 1878 (Engine 1898)

Displacement:
	1,299 t light; 1,349 t standard; 1,598 t normal; 1,796 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
	(344.49 ft / 344.49 ft) x 26.25 ft x (10.66 / 11.73 ft)
	(105.00 m / 105.00 m) x 8.00 m  x (3.25 / 3.58 m)

Armament:
      2 - 5.91" / 150 mm 47.0 cal guns - 107.12lbs / 48.59kg shells, 75 per gun
	  Quick firing guns in deck mounts, 1897 Model
	  2 x Single mounts on centreline, evenly spread
      4 - 2.95" / 75.0 mm 45.0 cal guns - 12.98lbs / 5.89kg shells, 125 per gun
	  Quick firing guns in deck mounts, 1894 Model
	  4 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      20 - 1.46" / 37.0 mm 30.0 cal guns - 1.42lbs / 0.65kg shells, 400 per gun
	  Quick firing guns in deck mounts, 1890 Model
	  4 x Quintuple mounts on sides, evenly spread
      Weight of broadside 295 lbs / 134 kg
      Main Torpedoes
      2 - 23.6" / 600 mm, 6.56 ft / 2.00 m torpedoes - 0.179 t each, 0.359 t total
	In 2 sets of deck mounted carriage/fixed tubes
      2nd Torpedoes
      4 - 23.6" / 600 mm, 6.56 ft / 2.00 m torpedoes - 0.179 t each, 0.717 t total
	In 1 sets of deck mounted carriage/fixed tubes

Armour:
   - Belts:		Width (max)	Length (avg)		Height (avg)
	Ends:	Unarmoured

   - Torpedo Bulkhead - Strengthened structural bulkheads:
		0.98" / 25 mm	223.92 ft / 68.25 m	9.97 ft / 3.04 m
	Beam between torpedo bulkheads 19.69 ft / 6.00 m

   - Gun armour:	Face (max)	Other gunhouse (avg)	Barbette/hoist (max)
	Main:	2.95" / 75 mm	1.97" / 50 mm		      -
	2nd:	2.95" / 75 mm	1.97" / 50 mm		      -
	3rd:	1.97" / 50 mm	      -			      -

   - Conning towers: Forward 5.91" / 150 mm, Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
	Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
	Direct drive, 2 shafts, 3,206 ihp / 2,392 Kw = 17.50 kts
	Range 5,100nm at 10.00 kts
	Bunker at max displacement = 447 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
	126 - 164

Cost:
	£0.132 million / $0.529 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
	Armament: 53 tons, 3.3 %
	   - Guns: 52 tons, 3.3 %
	   - Weapons: 1 tons, 0.1 %
	Armour: 198 tons, 12.4 %
	   - Torpedo bulkhead: 81 tons, 5.1 %
	   - Armament: 99 tons, 6.2 %
	   - Conning Tower: 17 tons, 1.1 %
	Machinery: 517 tons, 32.4 %
	Hull, fittings & equipment: 530 tons, 33.2 %
	Fuel, ammunition & stores: 299 tons, 18.7 %
	Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
	Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
	  1,232 lbs / 559 Kg = 14.6 x 5.9 " / 150 mm shells or 3.8 torpedoes
	Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.31
	Metacentric height 1.1 ft / 0.3 m
	Roll period: 10.6 seconds
	Steadiness	- As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 82 %
			- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.42
	Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.63

Hull form characteristics:
	Hull has a flush deck,
	  a normal bow and a cruiser stern
	Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.580 / 0.593
	Length to Beam Ratio: 13.13 : 1
	'Natural speed' for length: 18.56 kts
	Power going to wave formation at top speed: 36 %
	Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
	Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0.00 degrees
	Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
	Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
				Fore end,	 Aft end
	   - Forecastle:	20.00 %,  13.12 ft / 4.00 m,  9.84 ft / 3.00 m
	   - Forward deck:	30.00 %,  9.84 ft / 3.00 m,  9.84 ft / 3.00 m
	   - Aft deck:	35.00 %,  9.84 ft / 3.00 m,  9.84 ft / 3.00 m
	   - Quarter deck:	15.00 %,  9.84 ft / 3.00 m,  9.84 ft / 3.00 m
	   - Average freeboard:		10.10 ft / 3.08 m
	Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
	Space	- Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 152.0 %
		- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 95.4 %
	Waterplane Area: 6,490 Square feet or 603 Square metres
	Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 117 %
	Structure weight / hull surface area: 56 lbs/sq ft or 272 Kg/sq metre
	Hull strength (Relative):
		- Cross-sectional: 0.98
		- Longitudinal: 1.13
		- Overall: 1.00
	Cramped machinery, storage, compartmentation space
	Adequate accommodation and workspace room
	Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
	Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather