2015-03-03 Structure: 0th&1st conditionals

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
---
Conditionals

 If  you pass the level test, you will move up. (future real [1st] conditional)
= I'm not sure whether you will pass, but I know that passing = move-up.

When you pass the level test, you will move up. (future prediction)
= I believe you will pass the test, and then you will move up.
---
Present Real Conditionals: p. 343 (0th conditional)

If you are from Colombia, you probably speak Spanish. (present real conditional)
If people don't eat, they die. (also called "Zeroth" Conditional)

If I shop online, I save time. = I save time if I shop online.
[simple present],[simple present]
= When I shop online, I save time. (= I sometimes shop online.)

If you shop online, do you save time? = Do you save time if you shop online?

If you shop online, how much do you save?= How much do you save if you shop online?
---
The focus adverb "even" means the information is surprising.

Even if it's a holiday, the store stays open.
= The store is always open, including if it's a holiday.

Even if it snows, we have class. = We always have class, and snow doesn't stop us.

Even if you pass the test, you can't change level (because your attendance is bad).
= Normally, passing means move-up, but your attendance is bad so you definitely won't move to the next level, and the test won't change that.
---
If you want to save money, you should buy used books.
If you need to change your level, talk to Jon.
If he wants to make a phone call, he must leave the classroom.
You should go to bed early if you want to wake up early.
(All modals that have a present meaning can be used in the result clause.)

If you can help me, please come at 6:00.
If you must make a phone call, please leave the classroom.
(Only "can" and "must" can be in the if-clause.)
---
Future Real Conditionals: p. 356 (1st conditional)

confirmation bias: you notice and remember events that support things you already believed (such as superstitions)
---
unless = if + not

Bad luck will happen if you don't knock on wood.
= Bad luck will happen unless you knock on wood.

"Unless" gives the 'solution' for the 'problem' in the other part of the sentence.
You won't move up unless you study.(= You won't move up if you don't study.)

You will pass this class unless you completely fail the test.
---
p. 360 exercise 1
1 d - If I lend someone my baseball bat, I won't hit a home run.
2 e (not a superstition)
3 f - If I give my boyfriend a new pair of shoes, he'll walk out of the relationship.
4 a (not a superstition)
5 c - If I use my lucky pen, I will get 100% on the test.
6 b (not a superstition)
---
Homework: p. 360 exercise 2, p. 361 exercise 3