1. It could be argued that all of the following factors have made poverty more visible today than it was in 1962 when Michael Harrington wrote The Other America EXCEPT (Points : 1)
       the creation of a clear-cut definition of poverty driven more by rational policymaking than by political processes.
       the information-technology revolution.
       the renewed movement back into cities.
       the expansion of suburban sprawl further into once rural areas.

2. The federal definition of poverty rests on the concept of __________, also known as absolute poverty. (Points : 1)
       average income
       deprivation
       relative poverty
       poverty culture

3. All of the following statements about the federal poverty thresholds in the U.S. are true EXCEPT (Points : 1)
       the thresholds are issued yearly by the U.S. Census Bureau and based upon absolute poverty measures.
       the formula used to calculate the thresholds was developed based on a food budget from the Department of Agriculture.
       the thresholds are updated annually to reflect inflation.
       the formula used to calculate the thresholds is revised every year.

4. Which of the following is a reason the federal poverty thresholds are criticized for underestimating the number of poor families? (Points : 1)
       They are relative poverty measures that equalize the highly skewed U.S. income distribution.
       They are based on cash income and do not reflect in-kind benefits.
       They place too much emphasis on expenses such as child care, transportation, and other work-related expenditures.
       They understate the income needed to meet basic needs because food occupies a smaller portion of the average U.S. household budget today.

5. In 2007, how many Americans did the U.S. Census Bureau's Current Population Survey officially count as poor? (Points : 1)
       12.5% of the U.S. population, or 37 million
       9.1% of the U.S. population, or 27 million
       22.6% of the U.S. population, or 63 million
       6.2% of the U.S. population, or 18 million

6. All of the following are structural variables associated with poverty EXCEPT (Points : 1)
       recessions.
       an individual's work habits.
       discrimination and oppression.
       inadequacy of government social welfare programs.

7. All of the following statements about the working poor are true EXCEPT (Points : 1)
       working families make up the majority of families with incomes at or below 200% of the federal poverty level.
       a majority of working poor families have children and two or more adults present.
       the poor in the U.S work fewer hours per capita than in any other wealthy nation.
       the median wages of the working poor are far below those of the nonpoor.

8. According to one view presented in the text, how are wage inequality and poverty connected? (Points : 1)
       Poor people deliberately choose little education and low-paying jobs over more education and higher-paying jobs.
       The apparent connection is actually a myth because the minimum wage has kept pace with the minimum income needed for a family to meet its basic needs.
       Wage inequality and poverty are inversely related because the difference between the median incomes of the top 20% of the country and the bottom 20% has decreased as poverty has risen.
       As the wealthy become more distant from those in the lowest income brackets, they find it easier to opt out of publicly financed programs that help "redistribute" some of the wealth.

9. Marcos is a social worker whose clients tend to live in low-income neighborhoods. Many of his clients pay above-average expenses for food and financial services because the retail businesses where they live and work charge higher prices or engage in predatory practices. These are __________ forms of discrimination and exploitation that make it difficult for Marcos' clients to escape the trap of poverty. (Points : 1)
       institutional
       individual
       integrational
       interventional

10. Brian attends public school in a low-income neighborhood, while Barak attends a public school five miles away in a prosperous suburb. At Brian's school the teachers are less qualified, the class sizes are very large, and the dropout rate at Brian's school is much higher than at Barak's school. According to the text, what is the most likely factor explaining the differences between these two schools? (Points : 1)
       The parents at Barak's school are very involved with the running of the school, and they demand more of the school staff.
       The students and the staff at Brian's school lack the high standards and intense work ethic that is part of the culture at Barak's school.
       Barak's school has more money to spend per student because public schools are funded primarily through local tax revenues.
       Barak's school has an active dropout prevention program, but Brian's school does not.

11. How much money do American women make at work compared to their male counterparts? (Points : 1)
       59 cents to every dollar
       35 cents to every dollar
       99 cents to every dollar
       77 cents to every dollar

12. Sandra has worked in a community health center for several decades. She notices that compared with years ago, many more of her patients who live below the poverty line are single women with children. What is the term for the phenomenon Sandra is seeing? (Points : 1)
       Welfare reform
       The feminization of poverty
       Deadbeat dads
       The culture of poverty

13. According to anthropologist Oscar Lewis, the "culture of poverty" (Points : 1)
       insufficiently explains intergenerational poverty.
       represents an adaptation by the poor to their social and economic marginalization and alienation.
       can be fixed by removing children from poor parents and placing them with middle-class parents.
       is a set of dysfunctional characteristics that can be remedied by changing economic and social factors.

14. According to the text, how does the contemporary conservative view of the "culture of poverty" relate to older notions of the "undeserving poor"? (Points : 1)
       Despite superficial similarities, there is no deeper connection between these two concepts.
       Both concepts are "wakeup calls" to poor Americans so they will develop a good work ethic and advance themselves economically.
       Both concepts stress the individual characteristics of the poor, rather than structural causes of poverty. This emphasis leads to hostility towards poor Americans.
       Both concepts take structural causes of poverty into account, but they fail to address individual characteristics.

15. Old Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI), commonly known as Social Security, is an example of (Points : 1)
       a state program for unemployed workers that is funded by sales taxes.
       a social insurance program for victims of work-related injuries.
       a universal program funded by a payroll tax.
       a federal public assistance program that low-income people can apply for.

16. Tonya has an 67-year-old client who is having trouble making ends meet. She is not sure whether she qualifies for the old age retirement benefits of Social Security. Tonya assures her that as long as she had _________during her working years, she is entitled to receive Social Security. (Points : 1)
       never collected unemployment insurance
       been injured at least once while on the job
       been a resident of her state
       contributed payroll taxes for at least 10 years

17. Lawrence has a client whose income was lost when her employer laid her off. What type of program is Lawrence mostly likely to suggest the client seek benefits from? (Points : 1)
       Unemployment insurance
       Workers' compensation
       Supplemental security income
       General assistance

18. Before 1996, Bethany helped many of her poor clients register for benefits under Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC). Today, in what replacement program is she most likely to enroll similarly situated clients instead? (Points : 1)
       Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF)
       Food stamps
       Supplemental Security Income (SSI)
       Public housing

19. Trey has a client in need of financial support who does not qualify for Social Security or public assistance programs like TANF. Assuming Trey works in one of the 41 states that offer it, what can he explore as another "safety net" option for cash support for this client? (Points : 1)
       WIC
       General assistance
       Supplemental Security Income
       Section 8

20. Signed into law by President Bill Clinton, the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act (PRWORA) established (Points : 1)
       Head Start.
       the Title X Family Planning program.
       Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF).
       the Housing Choice Voucher program.

21. Lilly is a single mother of two children under the age of 4 working in a low-wage job. In addition to food stamps, what program could help Lilly make sure her children's nutritional needs are met? (Points : 1)
       S-CHIP
       Workers' compensation
       OASDI
       WIC

22. Michael helps clients who have trouble paying the rent enter the Housing Choice Voucher Program. What does this program do for Michael's clients? (Points : 1)
       It pays the difference between the tenant's contribution and the market rate for his or her apartment.
       It allows tenants to move to any city in the continental United States.
       It allows tenants to live rent-free for 6 to 12 months, depending on need.
       It creates a housing trust fund for tenants that helps them save up for a down payment on a home.

23. The Reagan Administration's Tax Reform Act of 1986 established a low-income rental housing tax credit that (Points : 1)
       added about a quarter million low-income housing units to the housing supply between 1990 and 1994.
       illustrates a private-sector-only measure to increase the number of affordable housing units.
       exemplifies a public-sector-only measure to increase the number of affordable housing units.
       discouraged business investment in low-income housing.

24. Naomi has a client who is interested in enrolling in a program that will help provide her family affordable housing, but she does not want to live in public housing projects. What would be the best program for Naomi to suggest to her client? (Points : 1)
       Social Security
       Housing Choice Voucher Program
       WIC
       General assistance

25. Which of the following is a publicly funded education program? (Points : 1)
       Section 8
       TANF
       Head Start
       WIC