2016-07-12 Core: 4 mother of invention

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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What has been the most interesting invention or innovation of the past few years (since 2010, for example)?

virtual reality = you only see the virtual world (such as to play a “traditional” video game)
augmented reality = you see virtual elements on top of the real world around you
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p. 45 part 1 - With a partner, complete the summary paragraph about this urban transportation system.
Then decide whether you think this would be a good system to add to your city. Why or why not?
1 rails
2 smoothly
3 amusement
4 Google
5 pedal
6 above
7 fun
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part 2 - Take one minute to match the collocations
1 have a bright idea
2 make a breakthrough
3 spot a trend
4 take (an idea) one stage further
5 fill a need
6 reinvent the wheel
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p. 46 - What is the “mother of invention”? What does “Necessity is the mother of invention” mean?
part 3 - Listen to the interview and choose the best summary of the speaker’s view. - b
part 4 - Listen again and choose the correct options.
1 doing research
2 an academic (a business historian)
3 of little use
4 didn’t exist before
5 easier
6 going out to shop
7 very expensive at first
8 remain a luxury

“They just hadn’t envisaged the telephone.”
more common synonyms: envisioned, imagined
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Do you know of any accidental inventions?
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BREAK
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Phrasal verbs with “come”

come out, come on, come back, come down, come in, come across, come up with, come along, come with, come around, come to, come up

He came to. = He regained consciousness.
(This is different from come (verb) + to (preposition), as in “He came to school.”)

p. 46 part 6 - What do these phrasal verbs mean?
1 b
2 a
3 c (It comes down to this. = This is the summary or conclusion of it.)
	comes down to = boils down to
	boil something down = reduce it to its basic components (like if you boil food until all the water is gone)
4 b
5 a
6 b

All “come” phrasal verbs that I can think of are inseparable. You can’t put the object between the parts of the verb. (“come across something” but NOT “come something across”)
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Language focus: past modals (or perfect modals)
modal + have + past participle
(Similar expressions: had to + base form, needed to + base form)

p. 47 part 8 - What is the function of the past modal in each of these sentences?
1 c
2 a
3 d
4 b

part 9 - Complete the sentences with appropriate past modals or similar expressions. (Sometimes several answers are possible.)
1 couldn’t have been = I think it’s impossible that it was easy.
  must not have been = I’m pretty sure it wasn’t easy. / I think it’s quite unlikely that it was easy.
2 didn’t have/need to own
3 had/needed to depend = it was necessary to depend
  must have depended = I think they depended
4 must have driven = I think they drove like this.
  may/might have driven = maybe they drove like this
  had/needed to drive = It was necessary to drive like this.
5 shouldn’t have bought = It wasn’t advisable. / It wasn’t a good idea.
  didn’t have/need to buy = It wasn’t necessary.
6 must have been
7 shouldn’t have bothered
8 should have been given
9 must have realized = I’m pretty sure he realized
  may/might have realized = I think it’s possible he realized
10 might/could have come (it’s not real, so we can’t use “may” in this case)
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Reduced pronunciation of “have”:
must have -> must’ve (some people incorrectly write “must of”) -> musta

“shoulda woulda coulda” - To express that you keep thinking about other things you should have or could have done.
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p. 47 part 11 - Speculate about how people did these things in groups of 3.
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Homework: p. 48 parts 2 and 3 (about the origami reading)