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  1. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ ls
  2. Desktop Downloads Music Public Videos
  3. Documents examples.desktop Pictures Templates
  4. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ ls -l
  5. total 44
  6. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Desktop
  7. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Documents
  8. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Downloads
  9. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 8980 helmi 5 11:04 examples.desktop
  10. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Music
  11. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Pictures
  12. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Public
  13. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Templates
  14. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Videos
  15. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ ls -la
  16. total 92
  17. drwxr-xr-x 15 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:08 .
  18. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 helmi 5 11:04 ..
  19. -rw------- 1 student student 10 helmi 5 11:15 .bash_history
  20. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 220 helmi 5 11:04 .bash_logout
  21. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 3771 helmi 5 11:04 .bashrc
  22. drwx------ 11 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:10 .cache
  23. drwxr-xr-x 11 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:12 .config
  24. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Desktop
  25. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Documents
  26. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Downloads
  27. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 8980 helmi 5 11:04 examples.desktop
  28. drwx------ 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 .gnupg
  29. -rw------- 1 student student 1344 huhti 10 09:08 .ICEauthority
  30. drwxr-xr-x 3 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:10 .local
  31. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Music
  32. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Pictures
  33. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 675 helmi 5 11:04 .profile
  34. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Public
  35. drwx------ 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 .ssh
  36. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 helmi 5 11:12 .sudo_as_admin_successful
  37. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Templates
  38. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Videos
  39. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ pwd
  40. /home/student
  41. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ cd /usr/share
  42. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:/usr/share$ ls -la
  43. total 1112
  44. drwxr-xr-x 251 root root 12288 helmi 5 11:17 .
  45. drwxr-xr-x 10 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:35 ..
  46. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:39 aclocal
  47. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:36 acpi-support
  48. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:35 adduser
  49. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:39 adium
  50. drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 aisleriot
  51. drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 alsa
  52. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:36 alsa-base
  53. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 helmi 5 11:13 appdata
  54. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 app-info
  55. drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:36 app-install
  56. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:38 application-registry
  57. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 12288 helmi 5 11:13 applications
  58. drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 helmi 5 11:04 apport
  59. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 apturl
  60. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:36 aspell
  61. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 avahi
  62. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 backgrounds
  63. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:35 base-files
  64. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:35 base-passwd
  65. drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:36 bash-completion
  66. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 helmi 5 11:06 binfmts
  67. drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 branding
  68. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:39 brltty
  69. drwxr-xr-x 84 root root 4096 helmi 5 11:13 bug
  70. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:35 ca-certificates
  71. drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:36 calendar
  72. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 caribou
  73. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 cogl
  74. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 color
  75. drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 colord
  76. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:36 command-not-found
  77. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:35 common-licenses
  78. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 20480 tammi 5 22:35 consolefonts
  79. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:35 console-setup
  80. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:35 consoletrans
  81. drwxr-xr-x 18 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:39 cups
  82. drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 dbus-1
  83. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 dconf
  84. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:35 debconf
  85. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:35 debhelper
  86. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:35 debianutils
  87. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 defaults
  88. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 desktop-directories
  89. drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:35 dh-python
  90. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:42 dict
  91. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:36 dictionaries-common
  92. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:35 distro-info
  93. drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 djvu
  94. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 dns
  95. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 dnsmasq-base
  96. drwxr-xr-x 1531 root root 69632 helmi 5 11:17 doc
  97. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 helmi 5 11:06 doc-base
  98. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:38 dpkg
  99. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:36 emacs
  100. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:36 enchant
  101. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 eog
  102. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 evince
  103. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 evolution-data-server
  104. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 example-content
  105. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:35 file
  106. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 file-roller
  107. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:36 fontconfig
  108. drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:39 fonts
  109. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:36 fonts-droid-fallback
  110. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:39 foo2qpdl
  111. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:39 foo2zjs
  112. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 helmi 5 11:13 fwupd
  113. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:35 gcc-7
  114. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:36 GConf
  115. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 gcr-3
  116. drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 gdb
  117. drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 gdm
  118. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 gedit
  119. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:36 GeoIP
  120. drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 gettext
  121. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 gettext-0.19.8
  122. drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 ghostscript
  123. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:35 glib-2.0
  124. drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 helmi 5 11:06 gnome
  125. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 gnome-background-properties
  126. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 gnome-bluetooth
  127. drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 gnome-control-center
  128. drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 gnome-mahjongg
  129. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 gnome-mines
  130. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 gnome-online-accounts
  131. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 gnome-session
  132. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 gnome-settings-daemon
  133. drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 gnome-shell
  134. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 gnome-software
  135. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 gnome-sudoku
  136. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 gnome-system-monitor
  137. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 gnome-user-share
  138. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 gnome-video-effects
  139. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:39 gnome-vpn-properties
  140. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:35 gnupg
  141. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 grilo-plugins
  142. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:36 groff
  143. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:36 grub
  144. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:36 grub-gfxpayload-lists
  145. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:36 gst-plugins-base
  146. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 gstreamer-1.0
  147. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:39 gtk-doc
  148. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 gtk-engines
  149. drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 gtksourceview-3.0
  150. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:36 guile
  151. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:38 gutenprint
  152. drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 gvfs
  153. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:36 hal
  154. drwxr-xr-x 58 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:39 help
  155. drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 helmi 5 11:06 help-langpack
  156. drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 4096 helmi 5 11:04 hplip
  157. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:41 hunspell
  158. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:41 hyphen
  159. drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 helmi 5 11:12 i18n
  160. drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 ibus
  161. drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 ibus-table
  162. drwxr-xr-x 18 root root 4096 helmi 5 11:05 icons
  163. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:36 ImageMagick-6
  164. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 im-config
  165. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:39 indicators
  166. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:39 info
  167. drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:35 initramfs-tools
  168. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 intltool-debian
  169. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:36 iptables
  170. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:36 iso-codes
  171. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:38 java
  172. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:36 kde4
  173. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 kerneloops
  174. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:35 keyrings
  175. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:36 language-selector
  176. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 language-support
  177. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:36 language-tools
  178. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 libaudio2
  179. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 helmi 5 11:12 libc-bin
  180. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:36 libdrm
  181. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:38 libexttextcat
  182. drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 libgnomekbd
  183. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 libgphoto2
  184. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 libgweather
  185. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:38 liblangtag
  186. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 liblouis
  187. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:39 liblouisutdml
  188. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:38 libparse-debianchangelog-perl
  189. drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:38 libreoffice
  190. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 librevenge
  191. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 huhti 5 2017 libsensors4
  192. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:36 libthai
  193. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 libwacom
  194. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 lightdm
  195. drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:38 lintian
  196. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:36 linux-sound-base
  197. drwxr-xr-x 170 root root 4096 helmi 5 11:12 locale
  198. drwxr-xr-x 12 root root 4096 helmi 5 11:06 locale-langpack
  199. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 helmi 5 11:12 locales
  200. drwxr-xr-x 34 root root 4096 helmi 5 11:17 man
  201. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:36 man-db
  202. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:38 maven-repo
  203. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 12288 tammi 5 22:39 media-player-info
  204. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 helmi 5 11:13 menu
  205. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 helmi 5 11:13 metainfo
  206. drwxr-xr-x 14 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:39 mime
  207. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:38 mime-info
  208. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:38 mimelnk
  209. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:36 misc
  210. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:39 mobile-broadband-provider-info
  211. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:39 mousetweaks
  212. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:39 mozilla
  213. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:42 mythes
  214. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:36 nano
  215. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:39 nautilus-share
  216. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:39 netpbm
  217. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 helmi 5 11:05 omf
  218. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 helmi 5 11:17 open-vm-tools
  219. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 orca
  220. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:39 os-prober
  221. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 p11-kit
  222. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 syys 7 2017 package-data-downloads
  223. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 PackageKit
  224. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:35 pam
  225. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 helmi 5 11:06 pam-configs
  226. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:36 perl
  227. drwxr-xr-x 35 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:39 perl5
  228. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:38 perl-openssl-defaults
  229. drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 helmi 5 11:13 pixmaps
  230. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:41 pkgconfig
  231. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:36 plymouth
  232. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:39 pnm2ppa
  233. drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:35 polkit-1
  234. drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:36 poppler
  235. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:36 popularity-contest
  236. drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 ppd
  237. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:39 ppp
  238. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:39 publicsuffix
  239. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 pulseaudio
  240. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:41 pyshared
  241. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 helmi 5 11:06 python
  242. drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:36 python3
  243. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:36 python-apt
  244. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:35 readline
  245. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:39 remmina
  246. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:39 rhythmbox
  247. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:35 rsyslog
  248. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:39 seahorse
  249. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:39 secureboot
  250. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 elo 11 2017 sensible-utils
  251. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 session-migration
  252. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:39 simple-scan
  253. drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 snmp
  254. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:36 software-properties
  255. drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:39 sounds
  256. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 speech-dispatcher
  257. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:36 ssl-cert
  258. drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:41 system-config-printer
  259. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:35 systemd
  260. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:35 tabset
  261. drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:38 tcltk
  262. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:39 telepathy
  263. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 heinä 7 2016 terminfo
  264. drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:38 themes
  265. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 helmi 5 11:13 thumbnailers
  266. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:39 totem
  267. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:39 transmission
  268. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:39 ubuntu
  269. drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:36 ubuntu-drivers-common
  270. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 helmi 5 11:12 ubuntu-release-upgrader
  271. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:39 ubuntu-web-launchers
  272. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:39 ubuntu-xorg
  273. drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:36 ufw
  274. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:39 unattended-upgrades
  275. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 unity
  276. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:39 update-manager
  277. drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:39 update-notifier
  278. drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:35 upstart
  279. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:39 usb-creator
  280. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:39 usb_modeswitch
  281. drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 vim
  282. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:39 vino
  283. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:36 vte
  284. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 wayland-sessions
  285. drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:39 X11
  286. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 xdg-desktop-portal
  287. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 helmi 5 11:05 xml
  288. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 xsessions
  289. drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 yelp
  290. drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 yelp-xsl
  291. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:39 zeitgeist
  292. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:37 zenity
  293. drwxr-xr-x 21 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:35 zoneinfo
  294. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 tammi 5 22:35 zsh
  295. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:/usr/share$ cd
  296. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ pwd
  297. /home/student
  298. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ cd ..
  299. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:/home$ ls -la
  300. total 12
  301. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 helmi 5 11:04 .
  302. drwxr-xr-x 24 root root 4096 helmi 5 11:13 ..
  303. drwxr-xr-x 15 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:08 student
  304. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:/home$ pwd
  305. /home
  306. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:/home$ cd
  307. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ ls -la
  308. total 92
  309. drwxr-xr-x 15 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:08 .
  310. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 helmi 5 11:04 ..
  311. -rw------- 1 student student 10 helmi 5 11:15 .bash_history
  312. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 220 helmi 5 11:04 .bash_logout
  313. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 3771 helmi 5 11:04 .bashrc
  314. drwx------ 11 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:10 .cache
  315. drwxr-xr-x 11 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:12 .config
  316. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Desktop
  317. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Documents
  318. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Downloads
  319. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 8980 helmi 5 11:04 examples.desktop
  320. drwx------ 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 .gnupg
  321. -rw------- 1 student student 1344 huhti 10 09:08 .ICEauthority
  322. drwxr-xr-x 3 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:10 .local
  323. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Music
  324. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Pictures
  325. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 675 helmi 5 11:04 .profile
  326. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Public
  327. drwx------ 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 .ssh
  328. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 helmi 5 11:12 .sudo_as_admin_successful
  329. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Templates
  330. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Videos
  331. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ pwd
  332. /home/student
  333. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ mkdir testi
  334. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ ls -la
  335. total 96
  336. drwxr-xr-x 16 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:28 .
  337. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 helmi 5 11:04 ..
  338. -rw------- 1 student student 10 helmi 5 11:15 .bash_history
  339. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 220 helmi 5 11:04 .bash_logout
  340. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 3771 helmi 5 11:04 .bashrc
  341. drwx------ 11 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:10 .cache
  342. drwxr-xr-x 11 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:12 .config
  343. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Desktop
  344. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Documents
  345. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Downloads
  346. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 8980 helmi 5 11:04 examples.desktop
  347. drwx------ 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 .gnupg
  348. -rw------- 1 student student 1344 huhti 10 09:08 .ICEauthority
  349. drwxr-xr-x 3 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:10 .local
  350. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Music
  351. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Pictures
  352. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 675 helmi 5 11:04 .profile
  353. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Public
  354. drwx------ 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 .ssh
  355. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 helmi 5 11:12 .sudo_as_admin_successful
  356. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Templates
  357. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:28 testi
  358. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Videos
  359. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ mkdir testi/esimerkki
  360. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ mkdir -p joku/toinen/kansio
  361. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ cd
  362. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ pwd
  363. /home/student
  364. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ touch tiedosto1
  365. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ ls -l
  366. total 52
  367. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Desktop
  368. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Documents
  369. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Downloads
  370. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 8980 helmi 5 11:04 examples.desktop
  371. drwxr-xr-x 3 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:31 joku
  372. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Music
  373. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Pictures
  374. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Public
  375. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Templates
  376. drwxr-xr-x 3 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:30 testi
  377. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 huhti 10 09:32 tiedosto1
  378. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Videos
  379. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ mv tiedosto1 testi
  380. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ mv testi testataan
  381. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ ls -la
  382. total 100
  383. drwxr-xr-x 17 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:34 .
  384. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 helmi 5 11:04 ..
  385. -rw------- 1 student student 10 helmi 5 11:15 .bash_history
  386. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 220 helmi 5 11:04 .bash_logout
  387. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 3771 helmi 5 11:04 .bashrc
  388. drwx------ 11 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:10 .cache
  389. drwxr-xr-x 11 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:12 .config
  390. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Desktop
  391. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Documents
  392. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Downloads
  393. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 8980 helmi 5 11:04 examples.desktop
  394. drwx------ 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 .gnupg
  395. -rw------- 1 student student 1344 huhti 10 09:08 .ICEauthority
  396. drwxr-xr-x 3 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:31 joku
  397. drwxr-xr-x 3 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:10 .local
  398. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Music
  399. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Pictures
  400. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 675 helmi 5 11:04 .profile
  401. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Public
  402. drwx------ 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 .ssh
  403. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 helmi 5 11:12 .sudo_as_admin_successful
  404. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Templates
  405. drwxr-xr-x 3 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:33 testataan
  406. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Videos
  407. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ cd testataan/
  408. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~/testataan$ lis -la
  409. No command 'lis' found, did you mean:
  410. Command 'ils' from package 'sleuthkit' (universe)
  411. Command 'vis' from package 'vis' (universe)
  412. Command 'fis' from package 'redboot-tools' (universe)
  413. Command 'lie' from package 'lie' (universe)
  414. Command 'ls' from package 'coreutils' (main)
  415. Command 'lios' from package 'lios' (universe)
  416. Command 'lvs' from package 'lvm2' (main)
  417. Command 'lid' from package 'id-utils' (universe)
  418. Command 'lrs' from package 'lrslib' (universe)
  419. Command 'les' from package 'atm-tools' (universe)
  420. lis: command not found
  421. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~/testataan$ ls -la
  422. total 12
  423. drwxr-xr-x 3 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:33 .
  424. drwxr-xr-x 17 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:34 ..
  425. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:30 esimerkki
  426. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 huhti 10 09:32 tiedosto1
  427. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~/testataan$ cd
  428. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ touch tiedosto1
  429. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ cp tiedosto1 tiedosto2
  430. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ cp -r testataan/ uusikansio
  431. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ ls -la
  432. total 104
  433. drwxr-xr-x 18 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:39 .
  434. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 helmi 5 11:04 ..
  435. -rw------- 1 student student 10 helmi 5 11:15 .bash_history
  436. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 220 helmi 5 11:04 .bash_logout
  437. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 3771 helmi 5 11:04 .bashrc
  438. drwx------ 11 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:10 .cache
  439. drwxr-xr-x 11 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:12 .config
  440. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Desktop
  441. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Documents
  442. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Downloads
  443. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 8980 helmi 5 11:04 examples.desktop
  444. drwx------ 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 .gnupg
  445. -rw------- 1 student student 1344 huhti 10 09:08 .ICEauthority
  446. drwxr-xr-x 3 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:31 joku
  447. drwxr-xr-x 3 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:10 .local
  448. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Music
  449. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Pictures
  450. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 675 helmi 5 11:04 .profile
  451. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Public
  452. drwx------ 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 .ssh
  453. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 helmi 5 11:12 .sudo_as_admin_successful
  454. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Templates
  455. drwxr-xr-x 3 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:33 testataan
  456. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 huhti 10 09:36 tiedosto1
  457. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 huhti 10 09:37 tiedosto2
  458. drwxr-xr-x 3 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:39 uusikansio
  459. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Videos
  460. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ rn tiedosto2
  461. The program 'rn' is currently not installed. You can install it by typing:
  462. sudo apt install trn4
  463. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ ls -la
  464. total 104
  465. drwxr-xr-x 18 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:39 .
  466. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 helmi 5 11:04 ..
  467. -rw------- 1 student student 10 helmi 5 11:15 .bash_history
  468. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 220 helmi 5 11:04 .bash_logout
  469. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 3771 helmi 5 11:04 .bashrc
  470. drwx------ 11 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:10 .cache
  471. drwxr-xr-x 11 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:12 .config
  472. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Desktop
  473. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Documents
  474. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Downloads
  475. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 8980 helmi 5 11:04 examples.desktop
  476. drwx------ 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 .gnupg
  477. -rw------- 1 student student 1344 huhti 10 09:08 .ICEauthority
  478. drwxr-xr-x 3 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:31 joku
  479. drwxr-xr-x 3 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:10 .local
  480. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Music
  481. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Pictures
  482. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 675 helmi 5 11:04 .profile
  483. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Public
  484. drwx------ 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 .ssh
  485. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 helmi 5 11:12 .sudo_as_admin_successful
  486. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Templates
  487. drwxr-xr-x 3 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:33 testataan
  488. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 huhti 10 09:36 tiedosto1
  489. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 huhti 10 09:37 tiedosto2
  490. drwxr-xr-x 3 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:39 uusikansio
  491. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Videos
  492. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ rm tiedosto2
  493. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ ls -la
  494. total 104
  495. drwxr-xr-x 18 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:41 .
  496. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 helmi 5 11:04 ..
  497. -rw------- 1 student student 10 helmi 5 11:15 .bash_history
  498. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 220 helmi 5 11:04 .bash_logout
  499. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 3771 helmi 5 11:04 .bashrc
  500. drwx------ 11 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:10 .cache
  501. drwxr-xr-x 11 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:12 .config
  502. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Desktop
  503. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Documents
  504. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Downloads
  505. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 8980 helmi 5 11:04 examples.desktop
  506. drwx------ 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 .gnupg
  507. -rw------- 1 student student 1344 huhti 10 09:08 .ICEauthority
  508. drwxr-xr-x 3 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:31 joku
  509. drwxr-xr-x 3 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:10 .local
  510. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Music
  511. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Pictures
  512. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 675 helmi 5 11:04 .profile
  513. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Public
  514. drwx------ 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 .ssh
  515. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 helmi 5 11:12 .sudo_as_admin_successful
  516. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Templates
  517. drwxr-xr-x 3 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:33 testataan
  518. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 huhti 10 09:36 tiedosto1
  519. drwxr-xr-x 3 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:39 uusikansio
  520. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Videos
  521. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ mkdir joku/toinen/kansio
  522. mkdir: cannot create directory ‘joku/toinen/kansio’: File exists
  523. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ rm -r joku
  524. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ history
  525. 1 sudo su -
  526. 2 ls
  527. 3 ls -l
  528. 4 ls -la
  529. 5 pwd
  530. 6 cd /usr/share
  531. 7 ls -la
  532. 8 cd
  533. 9 pwd
  534. 10 cd ..
  535. 11 ls -la
  536. 12 pwd
  537. 13 cd
  538. 14 ls -la
  539. 15 pwd
  540. 16 mkdir testi
  541. 17 ls -la
  542. 18 mkdir testi/esimerkki
  543. 19 mkdir -p joku/toinen/kansio
  544. 20 cd
  545. 21 pwd
  546. 22 touch tiedosto1
  547. 23 ls -l
  548. 24 mv tiedosto1 testi
  549. 25 mv testi testataan
  550. 26 ls -la
  551. 27 cd testataan/
  552. 28 lis -la
  553. 29 ls -la
  554. 30 cd
  555. 31 touch tiedosto1
  556. 32 cp tiedosto1 tiedosto2
  557. 33 cp -r testataan/ uusikansio
  558. 34 ls -la
  559. 35 rn tiedosto2
  560. 36 ls -la
  561. 37 rm tiedosto2
  562. 38 ls -la
  563. 39 mkdir joku/toinen/kansio
  564. 40 rm -r joku
  565. 41 history
  566. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ pwd
  567. /home/student
  568. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ cat /etc/passwd
  569. root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
  570. daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin
  571. bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
  572. sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/usr/sbin/nologin
  573. sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync
  574. games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/usr/sbin/nologin
  575. man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/usr/sbin/nologin
  576. lp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/usr/sbin/nologin
  577. mail:x:8:8:mail:/var/mail:/usr/sbin/nologin
  578. news:x:9:9:news:/var/spool/news:/usr/sbin/nologin
  579. uucp:x:10:10:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/usr/sbin/nologin
  580. proxy:x:13:13:proxy:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
  581. www-data:x:33:33:www-data:/var/www:/usr/sbin/nologin
  582. backup:x:34:34:backup:/var/backups:/usr/sbin/nologin
  583. list:x:38:38:Mailing List Manager:/var/list:/usr/sbin/nologin
  584. irc:x:39:39:ircd:/var/run/ircd:/usr/sbin/nologin
  585. gnats:x:41:41:Gnats Bug-Reporting System (admin):/var/lib/gnats:/usr/sbin/nologin
  586. nobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:/nonexistent:/usr/sbin/nologin
  587. systemd-timesync:x:100:102:systemd Time Synchronization,,,:/run/systemd:/bin/false
  588. systemd-network:x:101:103:systemd Network Management,,,:/run/systemd/netif:/bin/false
  589. systemd-resolve:x:102:104:systemd Resolver,,,:/run/systemd/resolve:/bin/false
  590. systemd-bus-proxy:x:103:105:systemd Bus Proxy,,,:/run/systemd:/bin/false
  591. syslog:x:104:108::/home/syslog:/bin/false
  592. messagebus:x:105:109::/var/run/dbus:/bin/false
  593. _apt:x:106:65534::/nonexistent:/bin/false
  594. uuidd:x:107:113::/run/uuidd:/bin/false
  595. rtkit:x:108:114:RealtimeKit,,,:/proc:/bin/false
  596. avahi-autoipd:x:109:115:Avahi autoip daemon,,,:/var/lib/avahi-autoipd:/bin/false
  597. usbmux:x:110:46:usbmux daemon,,,:/var/lib/usbmux:/bin/false
  598. dnsmasq:x:111:65534:dnsmasq,,,:/var/lib/misc:/bin/false
  599. whoopsie:x:112:119::/nonexistent:/bin/false
  600. kernoops:x:113:65534:Kernel Oops Tracking Daemon,,,:/:/bin/false
  601. speech-dispatcher:x:114:29:Speech Dispatcher,,,:/var/run/speech-dispatcher:/bin/false
  602. avahi:x:115:120:Avahi mDNS daemon,,,:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/bin/false
  603. saned:x:116:122::/var/lib/saned:/bin/false
  604. pulse:x:117:123:PulseAudio daemon,,,:/var/run/pulse:/bin/false
  605. colord:x:118:125:colord colour management daemon,,,:/var/lib/colord:/bin/false
  606. hplip:x:119:7:HPLIP system user,,,:/var/run/hplip:/bin/false
  607. geoclue:x:120:126::/var/lib/geoclue:/bin/false
  608. gdm:x:121:127:Gnome Display Manager:/var/lib/gdm3:/bin/false
  609. student:x:1000:1000:student,,,:/home/student:/bin/bash
  610. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ groups
  611. student adm cdrom sudo dip plugdev lpadmin sambashare
  612. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ useradd kayttaja
  613. useradd: Permission denied.
  614. useradd: cannot lock /etc/passwd; try again later.
  615. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ sudo useradd kayttaja
  616. [sudo] password for student:
  617. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ cat /etc/passwd
  618. root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
  619. daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin
  620. bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
  621. sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/usr/sbin/nologin
  622. sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync
  623. games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/usr/sbin/nologin
  624. man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/usr/sbin/nologin
  625. lp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/usr/sbin/nologin
  626. mail:x:8:8:mail:/var/mail:/usr/sbin/nologin
  627. news:x:9:9:news:/var/spool/news:/usr/sbin/nologin
  628. uucp:x:10:10:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/usr/sbin/nologin
  629. proxy:x:13:13:proxy:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
  630. www-data:x:33:33:www-data:/var/www:/usr/sbin/nologin
  631. backup:x:34:34:backup:/var/backups:/usr/sbin/nologin
  632. list:x:38:38:Mailing List Manager:/var/list:/usr/sbin/nologin
  633. irc:x:39:39:ircd:/var/run/ircd:/usr/sbin/nologin
  634. gnats:x:41:41:Gnats Bug-Reporting System (admin):/var/lib/gnats:/usr/sbin/nologin
  635. nobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:/nonexistent:/usr/sbin/nologin
  636. systemd-timesync:x:100:102:systemd Time Synchronization,,,:/run/systemd:/bin/false
  637. systemd-network:x:101:103:systemd Network Management,,,:/run/systemd/netif:/bin/false
  638. systemd-resolve:x:102:104:systemd Resolver,,,:/run/systemd/resolve:/bin/false
  639. systemd-bus-proxy:x:103:105:systemd Bus Proxy,,,:/run/systemd:/bin/false
  640. syslog:x:104:108::/home/syslog:/bin/false
  641. messagebus:x:105:109::/var/run/dbus:/bin/false
  642. _apt:x:106:65534::/nonexistent:/bin/false
  643. uuidd:x:107:113::/run/uuidd:/bin/false
  644. rtkit:x:108:114:RealtimeKit,,,:/proc:/bin/false
  645. avahi-autoipd:x:109:115:Avahi autoip daemon,,,:/var/lib/avahi-autoipd:/bin/false
  646. usbmux:x:110:46:usbmux daemon,,,:/var/lib/usbmux:/bin/false
  647. dnsmasq:x:111:65534:dnsmasq,,,:/var/lib/misc:/bin/false
  648. whoopsie:x:112:119::/nonexistent:/bin/false
  649. kernoops:x:113:65534:Kernel Oops Tracking Daemon,,,:/:/bin/false
  650. speech-dispatcher:x:114:29:Speech Dispatcher,,,:/var/run/speech-dispatcher:/bin/false
  651. avahi:x:115:120:Avahi mDNS daemon,,,:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/bin/false
  652. saned:x:116:122::/var/lib/saned:/bin/false
  653. pulse:x:117:123:PulseAudio daemon,,,:/var/run/pulse:/bin/false
  654. colord:x:118:125:colord colour management daemon,,,:/var/lib/colord:/bin/false
  655. hplip:x:119:7:HPLIP system user,,,:/var/run/hplip:/bin/false
  656. geoclue:x:120:126::/var/lib/geoclue:/bin/false
  657. gdm:x:121:127:Gnome Display Manager:/var/lib/gdm3:/bin/false
  658. student:x:1000:1000:student,,,:/home/student:/bin/bash
  659. kayttaja:x:1001:1001::/home/kayttaja:
  660. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ sudo cat /etc/shadow
  661. root:!:17567:0:99999:7:::
  662. daemon:*:17536:0:99999:7:::
  663. bin:*:17536:0:99999:7:::
  664. sys:*:17536:0:99999:7:::
  665. sync:*:17536:0:99999:7:::
  666. games:*:17536:0:99999:7:::
  667. man:*:17536:0:99999:7:::
  668. lp:*:17536:0:99999:7:::
  669. mail:*:17536:0:99999:7:::
  670. news:*:17536:0:99999:7:::
  671. uucp:*:17536:0:99999:7:::
  672. proxy:*:17536:0:99999:7:::
  673. www-data:*:17536:0:99999:7:::
  674. backup:*:17536:0:99999:7:::
  675. list:*:17536:0:99999:7:::
  676. irc:*:17536:0:99999:7:::
  677. gnats:*:17536:0:99999:7:::
  678. nobody:*:17536:0:99999:7:::
  679. systemd-timesync:*:17536:0:99999:7:::
  680. systemd-network:*:17536:0:99999:7:::
  681. systemd-resolve:*:17536:0:99999:7:::
  682. systemd-bus-proxy:*:17536:0:99999:7:::
  683. syslog:*:17536:0:99999:7:::
  684. messagebus:*:17536:0:99999:7:::
  685. _apt:*:17536:0:99999:7:::
  686. uuidd:*:17536:0:99999:7:::
  687. rtkit:*:17536:0:99999:7:::
  688. avahi-autoipd:*:17536:0:99999:7:::
  689. usbmux:*:17536:0:99999:7:::
  690. dnsmasq:*:17536:0:99999:7:::
  691. whoopsie:*:17536:0:99999:7:::
  692. kernoops:*:17536:0:99999:7:::
  693. speech-dispatcher:!:17536:0:99999:7:::
  694. avahi:*:17536:0:99999:7:::
  695. saned:*:17536:0:99999:7:::
  696. pulse:*:17536:0:99999:7:::
  697. colord:*:17536:0:99999:7:::
  698. hplip:*:17536:0:99999:7:::
  699. geoclue:*:17536:0:99999:7:::
  700. gdm:*:17536:0:99999:7:::
  701. student:$6$YVGlfA6x$CwLCEPEdZiTKvn7EoDBVWVwWqG38X6kngKoLb9GzgGTRD4GcJcDcOZikV1Dku.SrBGhVYrG.fmbDjYhzAMTFN.:17567:0:99999:7:::
  702. kayttaja:!:17631:0:99999:7:::
  703. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ sudo groupadd harjoittelijat
  704. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ id kayttaja
  705. uid=1001(kayttaja) gid=1001(kayttaja) groups=1001(kayttaja)
  706. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ sudo gpasswd harjoittelijat -a kayttaja
  707. Adding user kayttaja to group harjoittelijat
  708. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ man ls
  709. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ man gpasswd
  710. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ sudo gpasswd harjoittelijat -d kayttaja
  711. Removing user kayttaja from group harjoittelijat
  712. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ id kayttaja
  713. uid=1001(kayttaja) gid=1001(kayttaja) groups=1001(kayttaja)
  714. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ cd
  715. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ pwd
  716. /home/student
  717. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ mkdir testikansio
  718. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ ls -la
  719. total 104
  720. drwxr-xr-x 18 student student 4096 huhti 10 10:35 .
  721. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 helmi 5 11:04 ..
  722. -rw------- 1 student student 10 helmi 5 11:15 .bash_history
  723. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 220 helmi 5 11:04 .bash_logout
  724. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 3771 helmi 5 11:04 .bashrc
  725. drwx------ 11 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:10 .cache
  726. drwxr-xr-x 11 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:12 .config
  727. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Desktop
  728. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Documents
  729. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Downloads
  730. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 8980 helmi 5 11:04 examples.desktop
  731. drwx------ 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 .gnupg
  732. -rw------- 1 student student 1344 huhti 10 09:08 .ICEauthority
  733. drwxr-xr-x 3 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:10 .local
  734. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Music
  735. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Pictures
  736. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 675 helmi 5 11:04 .profile
  737. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Public
  738. drwx------ 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 .ssh
  739. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 helmi 5 11:12 .sudo_as_admin_successful
  740. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Templates
  741. drwxr-xr-x 3 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:33 testataan
  742. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 huhti 10 10:35 testikansio
  743. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 huhti 10 09:36 tiedosto1
  744. drwxr-xr-x 3 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:39 uusikansio
  745. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Videos
  746. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ sudo chmod 000 testikansio
  747. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ ls -la
  748. total 104
  749. drwxr-xr-x 18 student student 4096 huhti 10 10:35 .
  750. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 helmi 5 11:04 ..
  751. -rw------- 1 student student 10 helmi 5 11:15 .bash_history
  752. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 220 helmi 5 11:04 .bash_logout
  753. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 3771 helmi 5 11:04 .bashrc
  754. drwx------ 11 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:10 .cache
  755. drwxr-xr-x 11 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:12 .config
  756. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Desktop
  757. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Documents
  758. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Downloads
  759. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 8980 helmi 5 11:04 examples.desktop
  760. drwx------ 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 .gnupg
  761. -rw------- 1 student student 1344 huhti 10 09:08 .ICEauthority
  762. drwxr-xr-x 3 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:10 .local
  763. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Music
  764. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Pictures
  765. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 675 helmi 5 11:04 .profile
  766. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Public
  767. drwx------ 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 .ssh
  768. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 helmi 5 11:12 .sudo_as_admin_successful
  769. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Templates
  770. drwxr-xr-x 3 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:33 testataan
  771. d--------- 2 student student 4096 huhti 10 10:35 testikansio
  772. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 huhti 10 09:36 tiedosto1
  773. drwxr-xr-x 3 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:39 uusikansio
  774. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Videos
  775. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ cd testikansio/
  776. bash: cd: testikansio/: Permission denied
  777. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ sudo chmod 777 testikansio
  778. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ ls -la
  779. total 104
  780. drwxr-xr-x 18 student student 4096 huhti 10 10:35 .
  781. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 helmi 5 11:04 ..
  782. -rw------- 1 student student 10 helmi 5 11:15 .bash_history
  783. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 220 helmi 5 11:04 .bash_logout
  784. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 3771 helmi 5 11:04 .bashrc
  785. drwx------ 11 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:10 .cache
  786. drwxr-xr-x 11 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:12 .config
  787. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Desktop
  788. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Documents
  789. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Downloads
  790. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 8980 helmi 5 11:04 examples.desktop
  791. drwx------ 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 .gnupg
  792. -rw------- 1 student student 1344 huhti 10 09:08 .ICEauthority
  793. drwxr-xr-x 3 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:10 .local
  794. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Music
  795. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Pictures
  796. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 675 helmi 5 11:04 .profile
  797. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Public
  798. drwx------ 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 .ssh
  799. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 helmi 5 11:12 .sudo_as_admin_successful
  800. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Templates
  801. drwxr-xr-x 3 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:33 testataan
  802. drwxrwxrwx 2 student student 4096 huhti 10 10:35 testikansio
  803. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 huhti 10 09:36 tiedosto1
  804. drwxr-xr-x 3 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:39 uusikansio
  805. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Videos
  806. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ sudo chmod 777 testikansio^C
  807. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ sudo chmod 754 testikansio/
  808. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ ls -la
  809. total 104
  810. drwxr-xr-x 18 student student 4096 huhti 10 10:35 .
  811. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 helmi 5 11:04 ..
  812. -rw------- 1 student student 10 helmi 5 11:15 .bash_history
  813. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 220 helmi 5 11:04 .bash_logout
  814. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 3771 helmi 5 11:04 .bashrc
  815. drwx------ 11 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:10 .cache
  816. drwxr-xr-x 11 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:12 .config
  817. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Desktop
  818. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Documents
  819. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Downloads
  820. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 8980 helmi 5 11:04 examples.desktop
  821. drwx------ 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 .gnupg
  822. -rw------- 1 student student 1344 huhti 10 09:08 .ICEauthority
  823. drwxr-xr-x 3 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:10 .local
  824. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Music
  825. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Pictures
  826. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 675 helmi 5 11:04 .profile
  827. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Public
  828. drwx------ 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 .ssh
  829. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 helmi 5 11:12 .sudo_as_admin_successful
  830. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Templates
  831. drwxr-xr-x 3 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:33 testataan
  832. drwxr-xr-- 2 student student 4096 huhti 10 10:35 testikansio
  833. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 huhti 10 09:36 tiedosto1
  834. drwxr-xr-x 3 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:39 uusikansio
  835. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Videos
  836. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ cd testikansio/
  837. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~/testikansio$ pwd
  838. /home/student/testikansio
  839. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~/testikansio$ touch testitiedosto
  840. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~/testikansio$ ls -la
  841. total 8
  842. drwxr-xr-- 2 student student 4096 huhti 10 10:40 .
  843. drwxr-xr-x 18 student student 4096 huhti 10 10:35 ..
  844. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 huhti 10 10:40 testitiedosto
  845. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~/testikansio$ sudo chmod 700 testitiedosto
  846. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~/testikansio$ ls -la
  847. total 8
  848. drwxr-xr-- 2 student student 4096 huhti 10 10:40 .
  849. drwxr-xr-x 18 student student 4096 huhti 10 10:35 ..
  850. -rwx------ 1 student student 0 huhti 10 10:40 testitiedosto
  851. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~/testikansio$ cd..
  852. cd..: command not found
  853. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~/testikansio$ cd ..
  854. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ pwd
  855. /home/student
  856. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ rm -r testikansio/
  857. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ pwd
  858. /home/student
  859. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ mkdir testi
  860. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ sudo chown kayttaja testi
  861. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ ls -la
  862. total 104
  863. drwxr-xr-x 18 student student 4096 huhti 10 10:43 .
  864. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 helmi 5 11:04 ..
  865. -rw------- 1 student student 10 helmi 5 11:15 .bash_history
  866. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 220 helmi 5 11:04 .bash_logout
  867. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 3771 helmi 5 11:04 .bashrc
  868. drwx------ 11 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:10 .cache
  869. drwxr-xr-x 11 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:12 .config
  870. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Desktop
  871. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Documents
  872. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Downloads
  873. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 8980 helmi 5 11:04 examples.desktop
  874. drwx------ 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 .gnupg
  875. -rw------- 1 student student 1344 huhti 10 09:08 .ICEauthority
  876. drwxr-xr-x 3 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:10 .local
  877. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Music
  878. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Pictures
  879. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 675 helmi 5 11:04 .profile
  880. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Public
  881. drwx------ 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 .ssh
  882. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 helmi 5 11:12 .sudo_as_admin_successful
  883. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Templates
  884. drwxr-xr-x 3 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:33 testataan
  885. drwxr-xr-x 2 kayttaja student 4096 huhti 10 10:43 testi
  886. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 huhti 10 09:36 tiedosto1
  887. drwxr-xr-x 3 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:39 uusikansio
  888. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Videos
  889. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ sudo chown kayttaja: harjoittelijat
  890. chown: cannot access 'harjoittelijat': No such file or directory
  891. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ sudo chown kayttaja:harjoittelijat testi
  892. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ ls -la
  893. total 104
  894. drwxr-xr-x 18 student student 4096 huhti 10 10:43 .
  895. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 helmi 5 11:04 ..
  896. -rw------- 1 student student 10 helmi 5 11:15 .bash_history
  897. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 220 helmi 5 11:04 .bash_logout
  898. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 3771 helmi 5 11:04 .bashrc
  899. drwx------ 11 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:10 .cache
  900. drwxr-xr-x 11 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:12 .config
  901. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Desktop
  902. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Documents
  903. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Downloads
  904. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 8980 helmi 5 11:04 examples.desktop
  905. drwx------ 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 .gnupg
  906. -rw------- 1 student student 1344 huhti 10 09:08 .ICEauthority
  907. drwxr-xr-x 3 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:10 .local
  908. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Music
  909. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Pictures
  910. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 675 helmi 5 11:04 .profile
  911. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Public
  912. drwx------ 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 .ssh
  913. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 helmi 5 11:12 .sudo_as_admin_successful
  914. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Templates
  915. drwxr-xr-x 3 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:33 testataan
  916. drwxr-xr-x 2 kayttaja harjoittelijat 4096 huhti 10 10:43 testi
  917. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 huhti 10 09:36 tiedosto1
  918. drwxr-xr-x 3 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:39 uusikansio
  919. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Videos
  920. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ touch testitiedosto
  921. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ cd testi
  922. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~/testi$ touch testitiedosto
  923. touch: cannot touch 'testitiedosto': Permission denied
  924. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~/testi$ sudo touch testitiedosto
  925. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~/testi$ ls -la
  926. total 8
  927. drwxr-xr-x 2 kayttaja harjoittelijat 4096 huhti 10 10:49 .
  928. drwxr-xr-x 18 student student 4096 huhti 10 10:48 ..
  929. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 huhti 10 10:49 testitiedosto
  930. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~/testi$ cd ..
  931. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ sudo chown -hR kayttaja:harjoittelijat testi
  932. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ ls -la
  933. total 104
  934. drwxr-xr-x 18 student student 4096 huhti 10 10:48 .
  935. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 helmi 5 11:04 ..
  936. -rw------- 1 student student 10 helmi 5 11:15 .bash_history
  937. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 220 helmi 5 11:04 .bash_logout
  938. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 3771 helmi 5 11:04 .bashrc
  939. drwx------ 11 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:10 .cache
  940. drwxr-xr-x 11 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:12 .config
  941. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Desktop
  942. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Documents
  943. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Downloads
  944. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 8980 helmi 5 11:04 examples.desktop
  945. drwx------ 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 .gnupg
  946. -rw------- 1 student student 1344 huhti 10 09:08 .ICEauthority
  947. drwxr-xr-x 3 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:10 .local
  948. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Music
  949. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Pictures
  950. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 675 helmi 5 11:04 .profile
  951. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Public
  952. drwx------ 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 .ssh
  953. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 helmi 5 11:12 .sudo_as_admin_successful
  954. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Templates
  955. drwxr-xr-x 3 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:33 testataan
  956. drwxr-xr-x 2 kayttaja harjoittelijat 4096 huhti 10 10:49 testi
  957. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 huhti 10 10:48 testitiedosto
  958. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 huhti 10 09:36 tiedosto1
  959. drwxr-xr-x 3 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:39 uusikansio
  960. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Videos
  961. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ ls -la
  962. total 104
  963. drwxr-xr-x 18 student student 4096 huhti 10 10:48 .
  964. drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 helmi 5 11:04 ..
  965. -rw------- 1 student student 10 helmi 5 11:15 .bash_history
  966. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 220 helmi 5 11:04 .bash_logout
  967. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 3771 helmi 5 11:04 .bashrc
  968. drwx------ 11 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:10 .cache
  969. drwxr-xr-x 11 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:12 .config
  970. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Desktop
  971. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Documents
  972. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Downloads
  973. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 8980 helmi 5 11:04 examples.desktop
  974. drwx------ 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 .gnupg
  975. -rw------- 1 student student 1344 huhti 10 09:08 .ICEauthority
  976. drwxr-xr-x 3 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:10 .local
  977. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Music
  978. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Pictures
  979. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 675 helmi 5 11:04 .profile
  980. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Public
  981. drwx------ 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 .ssh
  982. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 helmi 5 11:12 .sudo_as_admin_successful
  983. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Templates
  984. drwxr-xr-x 3 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:33 testataan
  985. drwxr-xr-x 2 kayttaja harjoittelijat 4096 huhti 10 10:49 testi
  986. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 huhti 10 10:48 testitiedosto
  987. -rw-r--r-- 1 student student 0 huhti 10 09:36 tiedosto1
  988. drwxr-xr-x 3 student student 4096 huhti 10 09:39 uusikansio
  989. drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096 helmi 5 11:11 Videos
  990. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ sudo passwd root
  991. Enter new UNIX password:
  992. Retype new UNIX password:
  993. passwd: password updated successfully
  994. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ sudo passwd -u root
  995. passwd: password expiry information changed.
  996. student@VM-Ubunt-0747:~$ su
  997. Password:
  998. root@VM-Ubunt-0747:/home/student# who am i
  999. root@VM-Ubunt-0747:/home/student# whoami
  1000. root
  1001. root@VM-Ubunt-0747:/home/student# adduser kayttajanimi
  1002. Adding user `kayttajanimi' ...
  1003. Adding new group `kayttajanimi' (1003) ...
  1004. Adding new user `kayttajanimi' (1002) with group `kayttajanimi' ...
  1005. Creating home directory `/home/kayttajanimi' ...
  1006. Copying files from `/etc/skel' ...
  1007. Enter new UNIX password:
  1008. Retype new UNIX password:
  1009. passwd: password updated successfully
  1010. Changing the user information for kayttajanimi
  1011. Enter the new value, or press ENTER for the default
  1012. Full Name []:
  1013. Room Number []:
  1014. Work Phone []:
  1015. Home Phone []:
  1016. Other []:
  1017. Is the information correct? [Y/n] y
  1018. root@VM-Ubunt-0747:/home/student# usermod -aG sudo kayttajanimi
  1019. root@VM-Ubunt-0747:/home/student# id kayttajanimi
  1020. uid=1002(kayttajanimi) gid=1003(kayttajanimi) groups=1003(kayttajanimi),27(sudo)
  1021. root@VM-Ubunt-0747:/home/student# sudo passwd -l root
  1022. passwd: password expiry information changed.
  1023. root@VM-Ubunt-0747:/home/student# su kayttajanimi
  1024. To run a command as administrator (user "root"), use "sudo <command>".
  1025. See "man sudo_root" for details.
  1026.  
  1027. kayttajanimi@VM-Ubunt-0747:/home/student$ whoami
  1028. kayttajanimi
  1029. kayttajanimi@VM-Ubunt-0747:/home/student$ su - kayttaja
  1030. Password:
  1031. su: Authentication failure
  1032. kayttajanimi@VM-Ubunt-0747:/home/student$ su - kayttaja
  1033. Password:
  1034. su: Authentication failure
  1035. kayttajanimi@VM-Ubunt-0747:/home/student$ sudo su - kayttaja
  1036. [sudo] password for kayttajanimi:
  1037. No directory, logging in with HOME=/
  1038. $ whoami
  1039. kayttaja
  1040. $ sudo -l
  1041. [sudo] password for kayttaja:
  1042. Sorry, try again.
  1043. [sudo] password for kayttaja:
  1044. Sorry, try again.
  1045. [sudo] password for kayttaja:
  1046. sudo: 2 incorrect password attempts
  1047. $ ^C
  1048. $
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