2015-11-30 Grammar: this/that vs. it

Greg Malivuk
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http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
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Homework: p. 340 exercise 4
1 those that help themselves [clause]
2 (no)
3 those he likes [clause]
4 Those in the stock brokerage business [phrase]
5 that which is necessary, that which is only desirable [clauses]
6 Those who can’t tell the difference between the colors teal and aquamarine [clause]
7 those in charge of that part of the operation [phrase]
8 (no)
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p. 343 activity 6 - with your partner, try to explain the differences between the two sentences in each pair
implied meaning = other information about the situation which is not state explicitly in the sentence, but which is implied indirectly (For example: “this book” implies that I am holding or pointing at a book close to me)

I can’t believe you said it! (We all knew or believed something, but you actually said it, and that’s surprising. It isn’t surprising, but saying it is surprising.)
I can’t believe you said that! (The thing you said was surprising.)

That’s what she said. (This is the normal way to refer to what someone said.)
It’s what she said. (This is strange as a complete sentence. It’s more natural as part of a longer sentence: “It’s what she said, not what she did, that bothered me.” = I was bothered by her words, not her actions.)

Try it. You’ll like it. (I’m talking about something that I am not offering to you. Maybe it’s on your plate or maybe this is in an advertisement.)
Try this. You’ll like it. (I’m holding the food or drink in my own hand and offering you a taste.)

This is what’s going to be on the test. (Spoken before or during the review of the topics for the test.)
That’s what’s going to be on the test. (Spoken after the review.)

She really doesn’t like that. (You’re pointing at the thing she doesn’t like, she “isn’t liking” it in this moment, or the thing she doesn’t like is a behavior or an action rather than a thing.)
She really doesn’t like it. (A general statement about something she always doesn’t like.)
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I can’t believe you said it. (“you” or “said” could be stressed)
I can’t believe you said that. (“you”, “said”, or “that” could be stressed)
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I can do it.
I can do that.