CREATE TABLE sori (
       ID int NOT NULL UNIQUE,
       name varchar(50)
);

INSERT INTO sori (ID, name) VALUES (0, '安部晋三');

$ cat backup.sql
use test;

SELECT * FROM sori ORDER BY ID;

$ cat backup.sh
#!/bin/sh

output_file_name=/home/***/test.data
mysql -u root -p < /home/***/backup.sql > $output_file_name

$ mysql -u root -p < backup.sql > test2.data
Enter password:

$ cat test2.data
ID  name
0   安部晋三

olive:~$ ./backup.sh
Enter password:

$ cat test.data
ID  name
0   安部晋三

$ echo $LANG
ja_JP.utf8

$ cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.3.1611 (Core)

$ rpm -qa | grep mysql
mysql-community-libs-5.6.37-2.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-devel-5.6.37-2.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch
php-mysql-5.4.45-13.el7.remi.x86_64
mysql-community-client-5.6.37-2.el7.x86_64
mysql-connector-odbc-5.3.9-1.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-common-5.6.37-2.el7.x86_64
mysql-community-server-5.6.37-2.el7.x86_64

mysql> show create table sori;

| Table | Create Table
| sori  | CREATE TABLE `sori` (
  `ID` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
  UNIQUE KEY `ID` (`ID`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 |

mysql> show variables like "chara%";
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | latin1                     |
| character_set_connection | latin1                     |
| character_set_database   | latin1                     |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | latin1                     |
| character_set_server     | latin1                     |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.07 sec)

[mysqld]
character-set-server=utf8
[client]
default-character-set=utf8

mysql> show create table sori;
| Table | Create     Table
| sori  | CREATE TABLE `sori` (
  `ID` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
  UNIQUE KEY `ID` (`ID`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 |


mysql> show variables like 'character%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | utf8                       |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | utf8                       |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

$ ./backup.sh
Enter password:
$ ls -l test.data
-rw-rw-r-- 1 *** *** 23 10月 22 16:12 test.data

$ cat test.data
ID  name
0   安部晋三