use strict;
use warnings;
use feature 'say';

my $filename = 'chapter1.txt';
die "Не могу открыть '$filename' $!" unless open(my $fh, $filename);

while (<$fh>) {
    chomp;
    my @fields = split /:/;
    say if @fields < 8 || $fields[7] eq '?';
}

close $fh;