2016-09-19 TOEFL: fact questions

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FK9xHry877U - Biggest single-celled organism (Ted-Ed)
Why did the lecturer talk about mathematics? - To show why single cells can’t get too big.
How big was the biggest single-celled organism mentioned? - 30cm tall, algae
How many cells do larger animals have? - hundreds of trillions or more (elephant: 1,000,000,000,000,000; human: 100,000,000,000,000)
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Types of reading questions: inference, purpose, vocabulary, fact, negative fact, categories, summary, paraphrase, sentence insertion, reference
Do you remember what each type of question looks like?
What are the two most common (you’ll have several of each for every reading)? - vocabulary and fact
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Fact (and negative fact) Questions
handout reading 1 - Read the paragraph and decide if each statement is true or false. Then check with a partner. Refer to specific parts of the text to support your answers.
A. T (2nd half of 19th century, 1930, 1980s)
B. F (not rejected the third time)
C. T (“military risks”)
D. T (“doubt as to the feasibility of construction” = some people thought it wouldn’t be practical to build)
E. F (not supported in the reading - True but unstated facts aren’t the answers to fact questions.)
F. F (there was no construction in 1930)
G. F (it wasn’t made in 1930)
H. T (“the estimated cost” is one of the things that “led to the rejection of the proposal in June of 1930”)
reading 2 - Do the same for this paragraph. (Some of these are a bit more inference.)
A. T (“It is the middle ear that suggests that the ancient whale lived on land.”)
B. F (The fossils come from such an animal, but the fossils in the paragraph are just part of a skull.)
C. F (“the ancient whale lived on land”)
D. T
E. T (“eardrums, which would have have worked in water”)
F. F (The eardrum is in vestigial form, and anyway that’s not what helps the whale recognize the source.)
G. T (Isolating the bones is what helps the whale recognize the source of sound.)
H. T (“the separation of these bones in marine whales” -> these bones are separated in marine whales)
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p. 52-53 - Read your article and note the important points. Then summarize your article to your partner. Then answer the questions about the other article by quickly finding the information in the text. (You shouldn’t need to read the whole article because you just had it summarized for you.)
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BREAK
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6 C (1837 is before 1850, so it’s the first half of the century)
7 A (“in advance of the delivery”)
8 d (“14 grams or less”)
9 B (England, then Brazil, then Switzerland; 1847 in the US)
10 C
11 A (12,000 years ago = 10,000BC) (not B because they’re not still used today, not C because they’ve been found in Mexico, Montana, and Nova Scotia, and not D because they were discovered in 1932)
	(The first tools were found near Clovis, NM, but paragraph 1 doesn’t say anything about NOT finding them elsewhere since 1932.)
12 D
13 C (“quite sophisticated”)
14 B (“a fact which suggests that the Clovis spread rapidly”)
15 D (“migrating seasonally”)
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Pay attention to words like “mentioned”, “stated”, and “according to”. These questions ask about what is specifically stated in the reading. A statement that might be true but which isn’t mentioned won’t be the answer.)
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p. 30-32 (questions 9 and 10 are on p. 32) - Read the questions that follow the reading and underline the part of the reading that provides information to answer those questions. You do not need to answer the questions.
1 paragraph 1 - “According to legend, … seen again.”
2 paragraph 1 - “In emergencies, … extracted teeth.”
3 paragraph 2 - “made false teeth from African ivory”
4 paragraph 3 - “and only two of these graduated”
5 paragraph 3 - “This school has recently been restored as a museum of dental history.”
6 paragraph 4 - “...two methods of reducing pain”
7 paragraph 4 - “Two years later, in 1846…”
8 paragraph 5 - “Early decay, impacted teeth, abscesses, and bone loss are all things that dental X rays reveal.”
9 paragraph 6 - “These power drills, which were at first called dental engines”
10 paragraph 6 - “These drills work...drilling produces.”
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Word roots from last week - From memory, try to answer these questions.
1 What kind of enemy is an archenemy? - the first or most important enemy
2 When was the antebellum period? - the period before the (US Civil) war
3 Who writes an autobiography? - the person whose life it is about (self-life-writing)
4 How do anti-immigration policies affect immigrants? - they have a negative effect
5 What body part is involved in a myocardial infarction? - the heart
6 How many feet (supposedly) does a centipede have? - 100
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Greek/Latin number roots:
1 - mono/uni
2 - bi/di (or du)
3 - tri/tri
4 - tetra/quad (or quat)
5 - penta/quint
6 - hexa/sex
7 - hepta/sept
8 - oct/oct
9 - non/nov
10 - dek/dec
100 - hect/cent
1000 - kilo/mill

How many faces does a dodecahedron have? - 12 (2 + 10)
How many numbers are in a hexadecimal system? - 16 (6 + 10)
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Homework: DELTA book p. 20-22 (questions 1-10) (bring your book tomorrow)