2018-04-24 TOEFL: word roots, reading summary

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
---
Word Roots - list 5 - With your partner, try to think or one or two words to explain the meaning of each root.
morph (amorphous, metamorphosis) = form
multi (multicolored, multilayers) = many (this is the Latin root)
nat (native, innate, natal) = birth
neo (neoclassic, neocolonialism) = new
nom/nym (nominate, misnomer, pseudonym) = name
nov (innovate, novelty) = new
nov (November) = nine
ob/op (obstruct, object, opposite) = in front of / across from
omni (omnipotent, omnidirectional, omnivore) = all (this is the Latin root)
opt (optimal, optimize) = best
opt (optician, optometry) = eyes/vision
paleo (paleontology, Paleolithic) = old
pan (panacea, panorama, pandemic) = all (this is the Greek root)
path (pathology, antipathy, empathy) = feeling (many words with this are about feeling sick)
ped (pedestrian, pedicure) = foot
ped/paed (pediatrician) = child
peri (perimeter, peripheral) = around
phil (philanthropy, philosophy, bibliophile) = love
phob (arachnophobia, claustrophobia) = fear
phon (phonograph, microphone, homophone) = sound
photo (photograph, photosynthesis, photogenic) = light
pod (podium, podiatry, tripod, gastropod) = foot
poly (polygon, polyglot) = many (this is the Greek root)
port (transport, portable) = carry (especially through something)
post (posthumous, postpone) = after
proto (prototype, proton, protocol) = first (This is related to “pre”, “prime”, “fore”, and “first”.)
pseudo (pseudonym, pseudopod) = false
psych (psychopath, psychotherapy, psychology) = mind
pute (computer, dispute) = think/reckon/calculate
pyro (pyromaniac, pyrotechnics) = fire
---
TOEFL Test: four sections, 30 points each for a total possible of 120
1 Reading: 3 or 4 passages, 60-80 minutes total, about 14 questions for each passage
2 Listening: 2 or 3 sets of 3 listenings (6 or 9 total), for each set (3 listenings and 16-17 questions) you have 10 minutes to select answers
	(10-minute break)
3 Speaking: six tasks, 5m30s speaking, 20 minutes total
4 Writing: two tasks, 20+30 minutes writing, about 60 minutes total
---
Reading Question Types:
- inference
- vocabulary
- fact/detail
- negative fact
- paraphrase
- purpose
- reference/pronouns
- sentence insertion
- summarize
- categorize/organize
---
DELTA p. 149 - Read the passage and identify the two most important ideas from the passage.
---
This type of question includes an introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage, and you need to choose the other three most important ideas to complete the summary.
Incorrect answers can be inaccurate, not mentioned, or minor details from the passage.
---
You should be able to eliminate some answer choices as minor details without even reading the passage.
p. 151 - Which of these answer choices are probably minor details?
- The dulcimer was…
- The gramophone replaced…
If you read the passage, you’ll see that “Composers were slow…” is not mentioned.
---
If you don’t answer it, you’ll get exactly 0 points on this question.
If you randomly guess, you’ll get an average of 0.55 points on this question.
If you can (correctly) eliminate one answer, you’ll get an average of 0.8 points.
If you can eliminate two answers, you’ll get an average of 1.25 points.
(If you can eliminate three answers, then you get everything correct for 2 points.)
---
DELTA p. 152 - Take 3 minutes to read the passage and choose the most important ideas. Then check with your partner and explain why you think the other options are incorrect.
A C F
not B: it’s not mentioned what he’s best known for
not D: not mentioned, if it were mentioned it would be a minor detail
not E: minor detail (the importance of that painting is in answer F)
---
p. 153 - Do the same.
B E F
not A: not mentioned
not C: minor detail
not D: minor detail
---
BREAK
---
Cambridge exercise R22 - Take one minute to read each passage and decide if the following sentences are correct summaries, minor details, or not mentioned.
1 N S D
2 N D S
3 S N D
4 D N S
---
Handout (Cengage) p. 156-157 - Take five minutes to read the first passage and identify the summary ideas. (You can make a note of the main idea of each paragraph to help you.)
Then check with your partner. Do you have the same answers? Why are the incorrect answers wrong?
paragraph 1 - economic resources = property resources and human resources
paragraph 2 - property resources: land (natural resources) and capital (tools to produce things)
paragraph 3 - human resources: labor (skills to produce goods) and entreprenurial skills
paragraph 4 - economic resources are limited
B E F
---
p. 158-159 - Take six minutes for this passage.
1 West Side Story is based on Romeo and Juliet
2 Bernstein, Sondheim, Robbins; importance of dance
3 success and awards for the play
4 made into a movie
B C D
---
p. 160-161 - Seven minutes
B D E
---
p. 162-164 - Take 5 minutes to skim the passage more quickly and choose the correct answers.
A D F
not E: Clippers had more sails and more kinds of sails than any other ships, but the text doesn’t say there were any particular sails on clippers that hadn’t been used before.
---
p. 164-166 - Take 4 minutes to skim.
B C E
---
DELTA p. 154 - Answer the summary question about the third passage from the textbook.
B D E
---
Homework: finish DELTA 1.8.A and do 1.8.B (p. 155-160)