1. Hot water Baths:  Half-fill a 600 mL beaker with distilled water and add a stir bar.  Heat it up to a gentle boil. This will be used later in the procedure.
	2. The stock nitrite solution will be filtered by pouring around 40mL of the non-filtered stream water into a Buchner funnel with the filtering paper into a beaker for future use.
	3. Make the standard solutions:
	        a. Label 4 clean dry 50 mL beakers 1,2,3,4.  Dispense 10 mL of each of the standard stock Nitrite solution into four dry 50 mL beakers.
	        b. The first beaker will be the first standard solution.
	        c. To make the second standard solution add 5mL of distilled water to the second beaker, record the new concentration for the second standard solution
	        d. To make the third standard solution add 10mL of distilled water to the second beaker, record the new concentration for the third standard solution
	        e. To make the fourth standard solution add 15mL of distilled water to the second beaker, record the new concentration for the fourth standard solution
	        f. Rinse and fill the cuvettes ¾ full with the solutions from your beakers.  Cap them and place them next to the four labelled beakers so you don’t mix them up later.
	4. Finding lambda max
	        a. Start the program Logger Pro and plug the SpectroVis into the USB hub.
	        b. A graph with a vertical axis of absorbance and a horizontal axis of wavelength will appear with a rainbow background indicating the colour of each wavelength.
	        c. Place a cuvette containing distilled water in the SpectroVis and calibrate it (to account for the water in your final spectra). Choose [CALIBRATE] from the Experiment menu and click [SPECTROMETER].  DO NOT SKIP THE WARMUP!
	        d. Fill the cuvette ¾ full with the most concentrated permanganate solution.  Wipe it dry with a Kim wipe.
	        e. Place the cuvette into the SpectroVis with its clear sides aligned with the white triangle, click Collect, wait a few seconds and then click Stop.  Adjust the scale and size of the graph to fill up the screen as much as possible and then snip and save the graph to your Template file on OneDrive.
	        f. DO NOT REPEAT this spectrum for each of your standard solutions.  You only need one absorption spectrum as the rest will all be the same, except maybe not as high.  Move to part C immediately after you produce the one spectrum.
	5. Make the acidic solution with unknown concentration of Nitrite for the Spectrovis
	        a. A clean 50 mL burette was rinsed with the unknown nitrite solution and about 40 mL of the unknown nitrite solution was put in (the burette will be only filled approximately up to the 10 mL mark). Approximately 35 mL of the unknown nitrite solution will be accurately measured into a 100 mL volumetric flask. The unknown stock bottle number will be recorded in a notebook.
	        b. Then, Carefully  5 mL was dispensed of concentrated Mixed Acid Reagent directly into the flask.  Swirl to thoroughly mix the contents.
	        c. The top-loading balance was used to weigh out 0.4 g of Mixed Acid Reagent directly into the flask.
	        d. Wash the chemicals down into the flask using your wash bottle but be careful not to fill it past about 2/3 full. Do not fill the flask up to the neck, or you will not have a safe setup as it may shoot out of the narrow neck while heating. Mix the contents by swirling the flasks.
	        e. After 10 minutes of heating, remove the flask from the hot-water bath and place it on the top of the bench to cool for about 10 min or until it can be touched without feeling “Hot”.
	        f. Once cooled, place the flask in the cold-water bath and swirl to bring its contents to near room temperature more quickly.
	        g. Fill the solution in the flask “up to the mark” with distilled water.
	6. Leave the “most concentrated” cuvette in the spectrometer and then switch to Beer’s Law mode (Absorbance vs. Concentration).  Note that while you are doing this, the spectrometer will automatically select  lmax and set the spectrometer for you to record at this wavelength.  This is the wavelength you will use to measure your four standards and the unknown. Check that the value automatically selected actually corresponds to the highest absorption on the spectrum.
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