2016-02-27 Saturday: 7 Living Space

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
“2016-02-27 Saturday: 7 Living Space”
This is the same level and book as the “Core” class.
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Homework: parts 3, 4, 5 on p.description of the flavor and the ingredients).
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vicious cycle
https://books.google.com/ngrams/ - Search for (the history of) the frequency of different words and expressions in books.
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Taza Chocolate (https://www.tazachocolate.com/pages/take-a-tour - $6 for a tour)
www.drinkcraftbeer.com also has local events and tastings
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p. 82 part 1 - Which of these things are necessary for a house, which are important but not necessary, and which are unimportant. (Also, list other necessary things, such as a bathroom, storage space, etc.)
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In groups of four, design a tiny house (around 20 square meters) that still has all of the necessary things for a house.
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http://gizmodo.com/5967622/the-tiny-transforming-apartment-that-packs-six-rooms-into-350-square-feet - tiny apartment convertible into multiple rooms
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What are some advantages of houses compared to apartments?
There is more space. A house is bigger than an apartment.
You can have more organization in a house.
A house is more private than an apartment.
You can be louder in a house.
A house is safer in an earthquake.
A house may feel more like a true home.
A house has more outdoor space to have activities.

What are some advantages of apartments?
It’s easier to clean an apartment.
It’s less work to maintain.
Apartments are less expensive to buy, rent, and heat/cool.
Apartments can be in better locations.
Apartments are easier to rent.
The view may be better from an apartment.
It’s easier to get to know neighbors.
Apartment buildings may have more services like gyms, pools, common areas, etc.
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Comparatives:
Comparatives are between exactly two things (one or both might be plural).

short -> shorter
big -> bigger
happy -> happier

cutter (double ‘t’ tells us it’s still the short ‘u’ sound, not the sound in “cute”)
cuter

longer adjectives use “more” or “less”: careful -> more/less careful

good -> better
bad -> worse
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BREAK
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p. 83 - Comparatives and Superlatives

Superlatives:
Superlatives are among more than 2 things.

big -> biggest
nice -> nicest
cheap -> cheapest

good -> best
bad -> worst

(“first” and “last” are similar to superlatives)

careful -> most/least careful
He is the most careful surgeon that I know.
He is the least careful driver that I know.

(We use “the” with superlatives because they are unique.)
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We can say “less careful” but it’s strange to say “less big” because we can’t say “more big”.

*Boston is less big than New York.
-> Boston is smaller than New York.
-> Boston is not as big as New York.
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“as...as” phrases are sometimes called equatives, because they say two things are equal.

I am as tall as my dad. = Our heights are equal.
I am not as tall as my dad. = I am shorter than my dad.

I speak Spanish as well as my sister. = Our Spanish is equally good.
My sister speaks Spanish, and I do as well. = We both speak Spanish. (nothing about quality)
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We can compare noun quantities with more/less and most/least.

I have more money than you.
I have the most money in the world.

I have less money than you.
I have the least money in the world.

I have as much money as you.
I don’t have as much money as you.
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like / as:

“as” often means that one thing is another, “like” means that one thing is similar to another

I cried as a baby. = I cried when I was a baby.
I cried like a baby. = I cried similar to how a baby cries.

She was dressed as a witch. = For Halloween, she wore a witch costume.
She was dressed like a witch. = She was wearing all black, maybe a lot of silver jewelry, etc.

“such as” and “like” can both be used to give examples:

There are many breweries you can tour in Boston, like Sam Adams and Harpoon.
There are many breweries you can tour in Boston, such as Sam Adams and Harpoon.
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p. 84 part 2 - Put the words in the correct sentences, and then decide if you think the sentences are true about Boston.
1 atmosphere
2 public transportation
3 financial
4 modern
5 built-up
6 skyscrapers
7 residents
8 neighborhoods
run-down = in bad condition because it’s old and not kept in good repair
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Other ways to talk about the past:

In 1722, Boston used to be greener (than now).
Boston used to be smaller. / There used to be fewer people.
Boston is bigger than it used to be. / There are more people than there used to be.

I went on vacation to Florida. = I had one vacation in Florida at some time in the past.
I used to go on vacation to Florida. = I went to Florida regularly for a while, but I don’t now.

My grandparents used to live near here. = They lived near here in the past, but now they don’t live near here.
My grandparents didn’t use to live near here. = They didn’t live near here in the past, but now they live near here. (If my grandparents are dead, I can’t truthfully say this sentence.)
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used to + base form = Something was true for a while in the past, but now it’s false.
didn’t + use to + base form = Something wasn’t true in the past, but now it is true.
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When I was young, I would buy candy at the store every day after school.
We can use “would” for past repeated actions. (They were habits for a while.)
(It gives a feeling of nostalgia or reminiscing to a story, but the grammar could just be simple past without changing the meaning.)
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p. 85 part 9 - If you can change the sentences to “used to”, rewrite them. If you can’t, do nothing.
1 New York used to be a lot greener than it is now.
2 There used to be a lot of forest and natural landscapes.
3 Residents didn’t use to live in a large city.
(“Early residents didn’t use to live in a large city” suggest that early residents now live in a large city, but there are no early residents any more.)
4 People used to hunt beavers for their skins.
5 (no change - this only happened once)
6 What originally used to be in the area where Fifth Avenue is now? (subject is “what”, no “did”)

What did you use to do for a living? (subject is “you”, we need “did”)
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Homework: test
If you are graduating today and you want to see my corrections for any homework you have given me, send me an email at [email protected] and I can reply with corrections.