Fiktivnaya Uzbekistan

Republic of Uzbekistan
Anthem: Oʻzbekiston Respublikasining davlat madhiyasi "Serquyosh hur oʻlkam"
Capital and largest city: Tashkent
Official language: Uzbek
Recognised regional language: Karakalpak (Karakalpakstan)
Inter-ethnic language: Russian
Other languages: Tajik, Koryo-mar, Turkmen, Ukrainian, Azerbaijani, Uyghur, Central Asian Arabic, Bukhori and others
Ethnic groups (2019):
80% Uzbeks
5% Russians
4% Tajiks
2.5% Kazakhs
2.5% Karakalpaks
1.3% Kyrgyzs
1% Tatars
0.7% Uyghurs
0.6% Koryo-sarams
0.6% Turkmens
0.1% Greeks
1.7% Others
Religion:
93% Muslims
5% Christians
2% Non-religious and others
Demonym(s): Uzbekistani, Uzbek
Government: Unitary presidential republic
• President
Jahongir Otajonov
• Prime Minister
Salovat Umrzoqov
• Chairman of the Senate
Muhammad Salih
• Chairman of the Legislative Chamber
Khidirnazar Allakulov
Legislature: Supreme Assembly
• Upper house
Senate (100; Erk 83, Justice Social Democratic Party 10, Liberal Democratic Party 5, National Revival Democratic Party 2)
• Lower house
Legislative Chamber (150; Erk 91, Justice Social Democratic Party 24, Liberal Democratic Party 12, Ecological Party 12, National Revival Democratic Party 11)
Formation
• Khanate of Khiva proclaimed
1511
• Khorezm People's Soviet Republic established
26 April 1920
• Uzbek SSR established after national delimitation
27 October 1924
• Declared independence from the Soviet Union
1 September 1991
• Formally recognised
26 December 1991
• Admitted to the United Nations
2 March 1992
• Current constitution
8 December 1992
Area
• Total
448,978 km2 (173,351 sq mi) (56th)
• Water (%)
4.9
Population
• 2020 estimate
34,588,900 (41st)
• Density
74.1/km2 (191.9/sq mi) (132nd)
GDP (PPP) 2020 estimate
• Total
$275.806 billion (55)
• Per capita
$9,595 (113th)
GDP (nominal) 2020 estimate
• Total
$60.490 billion (78th)
• Per capita
$1,831 (144th)
Gini (2013)	Positive decrease 36.7
medium · 88th
HDI (2019)	Increase 0.720
high · 106th
Currency: Uzbek som (UZS)
Time zone: UTC+5 (UZT)
Mains electricity: 220 V, 50 Hz
Driving side: right
Calling code: +998
ISO 3166 code: UZ
Internet TLD: .uz

Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan, is a landlocked country in Central Asia. It is surrounded by five countries: Kazakhstan to the north; Kyrgyzstan to the northeast; Tajikistan to the southeast; Afghanistan to the south, Turkmenistan to the south-west. Its capital and largest city is Tashkent. Along with Liechtenstein, it is one of two doubly landlocked countries.

What is now Uzbekistan was in ancient times part of the Iranian-speaking region of Transoxiana and Turan. The first recorded settlers were Eastern Iranian nomads, known as Scythians, who founded kingdoms in Khwarazm (8th–6th centuries BC), Bactria (8th–6th centuries BC), Sogdia (8th–6th centuries BC), Fergana (3rd century BC – 6th century AD), and Margiana (3rd century BC – 6th century AD). The area was incorporated into the Iranian Achaemenid Empire and, after a period of Macedonian rule, was ruled by the Iranian Parthian Empire and later by the Sasanian Empire, until the Muslim conquest of Persia in the seventh century. The Early Muslim conquests converted most of the people, including the local ruling classes, into adherents of Islam. During this period, cities such as Samarkand, Khiva, and Bukhara began to grow rich from the Silk Road, and witnessed the emergence of leading figures of the Islamic Golden Age, including Muhammad al-Bukhari, Al-Tirmidhi, Ismail Samani, al-Biruni, and Avicenna. The local Khwarazmian dynasty and Central Asia as a whole were decimated by the Mongol invasion in the 13th century, after which the region became dominated by Turkic peoples. The city of Shahrisabz was the birthplace of the Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur (Tamerlane), who in the 14th century established the Timurid Empire and was proclaimed the Supreme Emir of Turan with his capital in Samarkand, which became a centre of science under the rule of Ulugh Beg, giving birth to the Timurid Renaissance. The territories of the Timurid dynasty were conquered by Uzbek Shaybanids in the 16th century, moving the centre of power to Bukhara. The region was split into three states: the Khanate of Khiva, Khanate of Kokand and Emirate of Bukhara. Conquests by Emperor Babur towards the east led to the foundation of India's newest invasions as Mughal Empire. All of Central Asia was gradually incorporated into the Russian Empire during the 19th century, with Tashkent becoming the political center of Russian Turkestan. In 1924, national delimitation created the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic as an independent republic within the Soviet Union. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, it declared independence as the Republic of Uzbekistan on 31 August 1991.

The official language of Uzbekistan is Uzbek, a Turkic language written in a modified Latin alphabet and spoken natively by approximately 85% of the population. Russian has widespread use as an inter-ethnic tongue and in governance. Uzbeks constitute 81% of the population, followed by Russians (5.4%), Tajiks (4.0%), Kazakhs (3.0%) and others (6.5%). Muslims constitute 93% of the people while 5% follow Russian Orthodox Christianity and 2% of the population follow other religions or are non-religious. A majority of Uzbeks are non-denominational Muslims. Uzbekistan is a member of the CIS, OSCE, UN and the SCO.

As a sovereign state, Uzbekistan is a secular, unitary, presidential, constitutional republic. Uzbekistan comprises 12 regions (vilayats), Tashkent City and one autonomous republic, Karakalpakstan. The capital and largest city of Uzbekistan is Tashkent.

The Uzbek economy is in a gradual transition to the market economy, with foreign trade policy being based on import substitution. In September 2017, the country's currency became fully convertible at market rates. Uzbekistan is a major producer and exporter of cotton. With the gigantic power-generation facilities from the Soviet era and an ample supply of natural gas, Uzbekistan has become the largest electricity producer in Central Asia.

Regions of Uzbekistan:
Andijan Region Andijan
Bukhara Region Bukhara
Fergana Region Fergana
Jizzakh Region Jizzakh
Xorazm Region Urgench
Namangan Region Namangan
Navoiy Region Navoiy
Qashqadaryo Region Qarshi
Samarqand Region Samarkand
Sirdaryo Region Guliston
Surxondaryo Region Termez
Tashkent Region Nurafshon
Karakalpakstan Nukus
Tashkent