/*
 * DATATYPES (SIMPLE & COMPLEX):
 *
 * 0. There are two types of datatypes. The first type is known as "simple" or "primitive." Simple datatypes
 * include: numbers, strings, booleans, NaN, undefined, and null. The reason these datatypes are recognized as
 * simple is because they are atomic, and immutable. Immutable is defined as, "unchanging over time or unable to
 * be changed," meaning these datatypes are fixed and they cannot hold, collect or aggregate other values.
 * Also, since the datatype is fixed, operations on simple values cannot change the initial value: they can
 * only return new simple values.
 * The second datatype is known as "complex" and includes: objects, arrays, and functions. As a literary nerd, I
 * immediately think of "the mutability of man" -- an important theme about human beings and their creations' transience --
 * which acts as the focal point of the poem "Ozymandius" by Percy Shelly. This makes it easy to remember that complex
 * datatypes are changeable: complex datatypes can aggregate other values (allowing complex datatypes to have
 * the potential to be indefinitely large). Complex datatypes are stored as a reference post-assignment of a variable,
 * so they are a copy of the reference of the variable - NOT the literal value.
 */
 //a. Numbers are numeral values:
   var num = 5;
   console.log(num);//This will print 5.
 //b. Strings are a collection of characters between quotes:
   var myFirstName = "Bryan";
   console.log(myFirstName);//This will print Bryan.
 //c. Booleans hold either the value "true" or "false" to handle logic:
   var x = true;
   console.log(x); //This will print true.
 //d. Arrays act as container object. It holds a fixed number of values of a single type:
  var myArray = ["Bryan"];
  var fullName = myArray.push("Patrick","Burnside"); //Here I am using a method to "push" the rest of my name into the array.
  console.log(myArray); //This will print the array with the additional values I pushed into it.
  console.log(fullName); //This will print 3 (the total number of values in the array)
 //e. Objects are a collection of properties. A property is an association between key and its value:
   var person = { //This object stores keys (descriptors) and their relative values.
     name: "Bryan Burnside",
     hair: "Brown",
     eyes: "Brown"
   };
   console.log(person); //This will print the entire object and its contents to the console.
 //f. Functions are a block of code designed to complete a specific task:
   function addTwoNumbers(x,y){
   return x + y; //This function returns the sum of parameter1 and parameter2.
   }
   console.log(addTwoNumbers(5,7)); //This will print 12 to the console.
 //g. NaN is a numeral type that stands for "Not a Number" (it is the returned value of Math problems failing):
   var notNum = Math.sqrt(-1);
   console.log(notNum);//This will print NaN.
 //h. undefined is for undefined values:
   var myUndefinedVar;
   console.log(myUndefinedVar);//This will print undefined.
 //i. null is used to denote the absence of value:
   var nul = null;
   console.log(nul);//This will print null.