2018-05-08 TOEFL: word roots, reading paraphrase

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Homework: Correct your answers to the questions no one got correct on the reading test:
	4, 6, 9, 10, 14, 19, 28, 32, 42
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Word Roots - list 1 - With your partner, try to think of one or two words to explain the meaning of each root.
ab (abduct, abdicate, abnormal) = away
ad (advocate, addition, advance) = to/toward
aer/aero (aerial, aerate) = air
agri/agro (agriculture, agribusiness, agrarian) = field
ambi (ambidextrous, ambiguous, ambivalent) = both
amb/ambul (amble, ambulatory, ambulate) = walk
ami/amo (amiable, amorous) = love/friendship
andro (android, androgen) = man (as in male; the corresponding root for female is “gyn”)
anim (animate, animal) = spirit/movement
ann/enn (annual, millennium, anniversary) = year
ante/anti (antecedent, anteroom, anticipate) = before
anthropo (anthropology, philanthropy) = human
anti (antibacterial, antisocial) = against
aqua (aquamarine, aqueduct, aquarium) = water (sometimes specifically fresh water)
arch (monarch, hierarchy, archbishop) = first (in importance or power)
archa (archaeology, archaic) = old (first in time)
art (artist, artifact, artisan) = skill
astro (astronomy, astrology) = star
aud/audi (audience, audible) = hear
auto (automatic, autograph) = self
bell (belligerent, rebellious) = war
bene (benefit, benevolent) = good
bi (bilingual, bilateral, bisexual) = two
bio (biology, biography, biosphere) = life
cept/ceive (intercept, receive) = catch/capture (all of these words are related)
cardi/cardio (cardiac, cardiology) = heart
carn (carnivore, carnal) = meat/flesh (“meat” means it’s dead and to be eaten, “flesh” can be alive)
cede/ceed (intercede, exceed) = go
cent (century, centimeter, centennial) = hundred
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TOEFL - four sections, four hours, $200
- each section is worth 30 points, for a total possible of 120
1 reading: 3 or 4 passages, 60 or 80 minutes to answer 14 questions about each passage
2 listening: 6 or 9 listenings in 2 or 3 sets, 10 minutes for answering questions for each set, about 30 minutes total for each set which usually has 17 questions
	(10-minute break)
3 speaking: six tasks, 5m30s speaking time, 20 minutes total
4 writing: two tasks, 20+30 minutes writing time, about 1 hour total
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Reading Question Types:
- vocabulary
- fact/detail
- negative fact
- purpose
- paraphrase / sentence simplification
- inference
- reference/pronoun
- sentence insertion
- summarize
- categorize/organize/complete a table
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Paraphrase / Sentence Restatement / Sentence Simplification
“Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.”
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Handout (Cengage) p. 103-105 - Is each restatement Correct, Incomplete, or False (X)?
1 Incomplete - it doesn’t include the clause about flying reptiles today (also, pterosaurs weren’t lizards)
2 Correct
Take 7 minutes to do 3-9, then check your answers with your partner. If you disagree, why is your partner wrong?
3 False - Muncie is the town, Middleton was the study in 1923.
4 False
5 Correct
6 False - They’re all two-word names, but the second word is “formation” if there are multiple types of rock.
7 Correct
8 Incomplete - The sentence is primarily about checkers (and uses chess as an example to explain something). The restatement doesn’t include checkers at all.
9 False - There’s no “because of” in the original, and Handel lived several hundred years earlier.
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BREAK
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Take 5 minutes to finish exercise 5.1. Then check with your partner.
10 Correct
11 Correct
12 False - “Rivaled” means their talent was approximately equal.
13 False - “no exception to the rule” means it followed the rule, and poetry developed first
14 False - He discovered something about sand dunes, not glaciers.
15 Incomplete - It doesn’t mention the visual spectacle, which is an essential part of film.
16 False - There’s no validity to the stories, so they are not true.
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(Longman) p. 28 - Take 2 minutes to answer the paraphrase questions about camouflage.
1 A
2 D
p. 29-30 - Take 3 minutes to answer the four questions about Post-It notes.
3 A
4 B
5 C
6 D
Take 4 minutes for the Pulitzer Prize reading
7 A
8 C
9 B
10 D
Take 2 minutes for the first two about cooperation and competition.
11 D
12 A
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Homework: Handout (Oxford) exercises 3R4 and 3R10 (p. 140 and 144-5)
	- For every person more than 3 who doesn’t do the homework, we will do one full speaking test.