2015-03-19 Structure: gerunds/infinitives + causatives

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
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The test was out of 40 points.
32 = 80%
28 = 70%
Almost always: Verbs that come from nouns are regular.
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Homework: p. 155
part A
1 to use (persuade + infinitive)
2 to save (infinitive of purpose)
3 ordering (about is a preposition)
4 to relax (free is an adjective and this is sort of infinitive of purpose)
5 (to) study (it's not necessary to repeat "to" after "and")
6 preparing (of is a preposition)
7 Stopping (subject)
8 to eat (way is a noun)
9 having (avoid + gerund)
10 Cooking (subject)
part B
1 doesn't remember eating
2 wants Ivan to take
3 wonders about Chu's eating
4 didn't stop to have
5 forgot to mail
part C
- eager to try them ("eager" is an adjective)
- in order to lose weight (infinitive of purpose)
- He's always urging us to exercise more too. (urge + object + infinitive)
- stop eating meat (= quit)
- decision for us to make (decision + infinitive)
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Some verbs go with object + infinitive:
I want you to stop.
He urged us to exercise.
She expects me to succeed.

In other situations, you can add "for + object" before the infinitive:
It's a hard decision for us to make.
It's important for you to exercise every day.
It's not healthy for me to eat this much salt.
It's too cold for new students to wear short sleeves, but it's warm enough for the rest of us.
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TEST TOMORROW about gerunds and infinitives (unit 9)
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p. 156
"Blackfish" - movie about the treatment of orcas at places like Sea World
(I believe it's still on Netflix)

Take the information with a grain of salt. = You shouldn't believe all of it immediately, because some of it may not be correct.
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I made my dog go into her cage. = I forced her.
= She didn't want to, but she didn't have a choice.

I got my dog to go into her cage. = I convinced her.
= She didn't want to at first, but for example I put a treat in the cage and then she chose to go into it.

I had my dog go into her cage. = I instructed her.
= She didn't have a strong "opinion", but I said, "Go to your cage," and she entered her cage.

I let my dog go into her cage. = I permitted her. / I allowed her.
= She wanted to go into her cage, and I permitted her.

I helped my dog (to) go into her cage. = I assisted her.
= She wanted to go into her cage, and she was having trouble so I helped her.
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These are CAUSATIVE verbs, because they cause someone to do something.
Because they cause SOMEONE to do something, they go with an object.

I helped HER do her homework. I had THEM work in pairs.
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The movie made me laugh and then cry.
The ice made me slip and fall.
The picture made me hungry.
= I didn't have a choice. (No information on whether I wanted to or not.)
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verb + object + base form:
- make			I  made  you do it.
- have			I   had  you do it.
- let			I   let  you do it.
- help (sometimes)	I helped you do it.

verb + object + infinitive:
- get			I   got  you to do it.
- help (sometimes)	I helped you to do it.
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Homework: study for the test (I will NOT let you use the lists in your book.)