2016-10-19 TOEFL: word roots, listening practice

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Homework: write one or two words to explain the meanings of the word roots

re (recycle, rebound, reuse) = again
reg (regulation, regent, regime) = rule
retro (retrograde, retroactive, retrospect) = backward
rupt (disrupt, rupture) = break
scend (ascend/descend, crescendo) = climb
scope (microscope, telescope) = look/see
- also “spect” as in spectacle and retrospect/prospect
scrib/script (transcript, scripture, inscribe) = write
sect (section, bisect, sector) = cut/divide (insects are animals with divided bodies)
semi (semicircle, semiannual) = half (semicircle, but hemisphere - it’s common for Latin roots to have ‘s’ where Greek roots have ‘h’: hex/sex, hept/sept, hyper/super)
sol (solitude, desolate) = alone
sol (solar) = sun
soph (philosophy, sophisticated) = wisdom
struct (construct, structure) = build
sub (subterranean, submerge, substandard) = under
- super = over
tele (telephone, telescope, telepathy) = far
term (determine, terminate) = end/limit
terra/terri (territory, terrain) = earth/land
therm (thermometer, thermal) = heat (hypothermia = under-heated)
trans (transport, transaction, transverse, transatlantic, transcontinental, transgender) = across
uni (universe, unique, unilateral) = one
vac (vacuum, vacate, evacuate) = empty
veri (verify, veracity) = true
viv/vit (vital, vivacious) = life
vol (benevolent, volunteer, volition) = will (as a noun and a main verb, not the modal)
xeno (xenophobia, xenophile) = foreign
zoo (zoology, zooplankton) = animal
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folk etymology = when a word changes its form based on a common misunderstanding of its etymology
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One difficult thing with these roots is knowing how to correctly divide a word:
regain = re + gain, not reg + ain, so it’s about gaining something again, not about rule
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http://corpus.byu.edu/coca/ - search for “tro*.[v*]” to find all verbs that start with “tro”
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DELTA p. 259 - Listen and take notes, then answer the questions.
1 A, B
2 C
3 B
4 prehistoric, jazz, prehistoric, jazz
5 D
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BREAK
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p. 260 - Do the same with questions 6-10
6 D
7 A
8 B
9 A
10 A, D
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DELTA p. 445 - Listen to the conversation and take notes. Then answer the questions on p. 446
1 D
2 C
3 A
4 B
5 C
Then do the same for p. 449 and 450
12 C
13 A
14 C
15 C
16 D
17 B
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Word root: “gen”
carcinogen = something that makes (generates) cancer
hydrogen = something that generates water (if you burn hydrogen you get H2O)
anthropogenic = man-made (as in anthropogenic global warming or AGW)
iatrogenic = doctor-made (an injury or infection you get as a result of a doctor’s actions is iatrogenic)
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Speaking section: third section, after the break that follows reading and listening
- 20 minutes total (approximately)
- 6 questions: (same format on each test, different amounts of time to prepare/speak)
1 - independent (from your ideas and knowledge) - usually the first one is open-ended 15s/45s
2 - independent - usually the second one is a choice between two options 15/45
3 - integrated reading/listening/speaking - about a campus announcement and converstation 30/60
4 - integrated reading/listening/speaking - about an academic topic 30/60
5 - integrated listening/speaking - about a problem and solution (listen to a conversation) 20epen/60
6 - integrated listening/speaking - about an academic topic (listen to a lecture or discussion) 20/60
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Tomorrow we will talk about questions 1 and 2, the independent speaking tasks