/((-caramel-)|(-vanilla-)|)/

([carmel-]+)|([vanila-]+)

$re = '/([carmel-]+)|([vanila-]+)/m';
$str = '(-caramel-) John Cina (-vanilla-)(-caramel-)2019-05-19 07:31:05(-vannila-)';

preg_match_all($re, $str, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER, 0);

// Print the entire match result
var_dump($matches);

<?php
$haystack = '(-caramel-) John Cina (-vanilla-)(-caramel-)2019-05-19 07:31:05(-vannila-)';

if (strstr($haystack, '(-caramel-)') && strstr($haystack, '(-vanilla-)')) {
  die('both match');
}