#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<fstream>

using namespace std;

const int MAX_NAMES = 5;

// simple handy function that prints the message and
// waits for the user to press Enter
void wait(string message) {
	cout << message << endl;
	cin.get();
}

// definition of struct Person
// aka class Person
// aka ADT (Abstract Data Type)
// aka User Defined Type
struct Person {
	// these are called attributes or member variables
	string lastName;
	string firstName;
	int age;
	char gender;

};



void print(Person x) {
	cout << "Person: " << x.lastName
		<< " " << x.firstName << " "
		<< x.age << " "
		<< x.gender << endl;
}


Person createDummyPerson() {
	Person dummy;

	dummy.lastName = "dummy";
	dummy.firstName = "dummy";
	dummy.age = 0;
	dummy.gender = ' ';

	return dummy;
}

// creating a ADT called Planet with 3 properties
struct PlanetOldWay {
	string name;
	double radius;
	double mass;
};



struct Planet {
	string name;
	double radius;
	double mass;

	// define a constructor (ctor)
	Planet(string n, double r, double m) {
		name = n;
		radius = r;
		mass = m;
	}

	// here is a member function:
	double volume() {
		return ((4 / 3)*3.142*radius*radius*radius);
	}
};


struct CountryStruct {
	string name;
	string capital;
};


class CountryClass {

	string name;
	string capital;
public:
	// setter or mutator methods
	void setName(string n) {

		if (n == "") {
			cout << "Error: cannot set name to blank...";
			n = "name not set";
		}
		name = n;
	}

	void setCapital(string c) {
		capital = c;
	}

	// getter or accessor methods
	string getName() {
		return name;
	}

	string getCapital() {
		return capital;
	}

};



class CountryClass2 {
public:
	string name;
	string capital;
	int population;

	//ctor
	CountryClass2(string n, string c, int p) {
		name = n;
		capital = c;
		population = p;
	}


	// returns true if population > 1000
	bool meetsCriteria() {
		if (population > 1000) {
			return true;
		}
		else {
			return false;
		}
	}

};




int main() {
	int i = 10;
	double d = 27.5;
	char c = 'x';
	string s = "hello";

	// p is a variable of (user defined) type  "Person"
	// p is an object of "class" Person
	Person p;
	p.lastName = "Doe";
	p.firstName = "John";
	p.age = 25;
	p.gender = 'M';

	cout << "1: Values of p:" << p.lastName
		<< " " << p.firstName << " "
		<< p.age << " "
		<< p.gender << endl;

	p.age = 34;

	cout << "2: ";
	print(p);

	Person students[100];

	// set student[0] to be the same as Person p
	students[0].firstName = p.firstName;
	students[0].lastName = p.lastName;
	students[0].age = p.age;
	students[0].gender = p.gender;


	cout << "3: ";
	print(students[0]);


	// better way to set student[1] to p
	students[1] = p;

	cout << "4: ";
	print(students[1]);

	cout << "5: ";
	Person t1 = createDummyPerson();
	print(t1);


	PlanetOldWay e;
	e.name = "Mars";
	e.radius = 3389.5;
	e.mass = 6.41e23;


	Planet mars("Mars", 3389.5, 6.41e23);
	// calculate volume of mars..

	// calculating volumes

	double volume = (4 / 3)*3.142*mars.radius*mars.radius*mars.radius;
	cout << "volume=" << volume << endl;

	// better way:
	cout << "2: volume =" << mars.volume() << endl;


	CountryStruct c1;
	c1.name = "USA";
	c1.capital = "Washington DC";


	CountryStruct c2;
	c2.name = "Canada";
	c2.capital = "Ottawa";

	cout << "name:" << c2.name << endl;
	cout << "capital:" << c2.capital << endl;


	// using mutators to set variables in class
	CountryClass c3;
	c3.setName("Mexico");
	c3.setCapital("Mexico City");

	cout << "name:" << c3.getName() << endl;
	cout << "capital:" << c3.getCapital() << endl;


	CountryStruct x1;
	x1.name = "";
	cout << "x1.name=" << x1.name << endl;


	CountryClass x2;
	x2.setName("");
	cout << "x2.name=" << x2.getName() << endl;

	CountryClass2 a1("China", "Beijing", 10000);
	CountryClass2 a2("Ghana", "GGG", 100);
	CountryClass2 a3("Winterfell", "XYZ", 10);

	cout << "a1.meetsCriteria=" << a1.meetsCriteria() << endl;
	cout << "a2.meetsCriteria=" << a2.meetsCriteria() << endl;
	cout << "a3.meetsCriteria=" << a3.meetsCriteria() << endl;



	wait("Press Enter to continue...");
	return 0;
}