CREATE TABLE [dbo].[NLogEntries](
  [Id] [bigint] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
  [Origin] [nvarchar](100) NOT NULL,
  [LogLevel] [nvarchar](20) NOT NULL,
  [Message] [nvarchar](3600) NOT NULL,
  [CreatedOn] [datetime] NOT NULL,
  [OrderId] [int] NULL --Custom field!
)

<target type="Database" name="database" connectionstring="Server=localhost;Database=NLog;Trusted_Connection=True;">
  <commandText>
    INSERT INTO NLogEntries ([Origin], [Message], [LogLevel],[CreatedOn],[OrderId]) VALUES (@Origin,@Message,@LogLevel,@Date, @OrderId);
  </commandText>
  <parameter name="@Date" layout="${date}"/>
  <parameter name="@Origin" layout="${callsite}"/>
  <parameter name="@LogLevel" layout="${level}"/>
  <parameter name="@message" layout="${message}"/>
  <parameter name="@OrderId" layout="${orderId}"/> <!-- custom field! -->
</target>

var logger = LogManager.GetCurrentClassLogger();
var orderId = 123;
logger.Debug("What is going on here", orderId);

<target type="Database" name="database" connectionstring="Server=localhost;Database=NLog;Trusted_Connection=True;">
  <commandText>
    INSERT INTO NLogEntries ([Origin], [Message], [LogLevel],[CreatedOn],[OrderId]) VALUES (@Origin,@Message,@LogLevel,@Date, @OrderId);
  </commandText>
  <parameter name="@Date" layout="${date}"/>
  <parameter name="@Origin" layout="${callsite}"/>
  <parameter name="@LogLevel" layout="${level}"/>
  <parameter name="@message" layout="${message}"/>
  <parameter name="@OrderId" layout="${gdc:OrderId}"/> <!-- custom field! -->
</target>

var logger = LogManager.GetCurrentClassLogger();
GlobalDiagnosticContext["OrderId"] = 123;
logger.Debug("What is going on here"); //If you use the logging configuration above, 123 will be logged to the OrderId column in your database

var logger = LogManager.GetCurrentClassLogger();

MDC.Set("OrderId", 123);
MDC.Set("user", HttpContext.Current.User.Identity.Name);
// ... and so on