1) In normal in-game chat type in the follow four commands:

/scoreboard objectives add Jumps minecraft.custom:minecraft.jump
/scoreboard players set @a Jumps 0
/scoreboard objectives add DamageTaken minecraft.custom:minecraft.damage_taken
/scoreboard players set @a DamageTaken 0

2) Place down 2 repeating command blocks next to each other, facing upwards (unconditional, always active)

3) Place 1 chain command block on top of each repeating command block, facing upwards (conditional, always active)

4) To prevent a loop, choose which command block 2-tall tower to be the Jumps one, the other one will be the DamageTaken one. Inside of the Jumps chain command block, put in the following command:

scoreboard players set @p[scores={Jumps=1..}] Jumps 0

For the DamageTaken chain command block, put in the following command:

/scoreboard players set @p[scores={DamageTaken=1..}] DamageTaken 0

5) Inside of the Jumps repeating command block, put in the following command:
execute as @p[scores={Jumps=1..}] run spreadplayers ~ ~ 10 15 false @a

For the DamageTaken repeating command block, put in the following command:
execute as @p[scores={DamageTaken=1..}] run spreadplayers ~ ~ 10 15 false @a

6) You're all done, try jumping or getting damaged to test.