+--------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|                           IO                           |                          NIO(New IO)                          |
+--------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| Stream oriented (no cache)                             | Channels/Buffers oriented (with cache)                        |
| Thread Blocking IO(Synchronous)                        | Non Thread blocking IO(Asynchronous i.e notification based)   |
| read and write can do one byte/char at a time.         | Channel can read and write byte buffer(not char buffer).      |
| readers are for read only, writers are for write only. | Channel can read multiple byte at a time.                     |
| Buffer creates in JVM heap memory.                     | Buffer can be outside or in-memory of JVM.                    |
| Charset is limited ot UTF-8.                           | Charset support expanded to UTF-16 and more.                  |
+--------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+

+==+==================+======================+=======================+===================+====================+
    |                  |                 Byte Based                   |            Character Based             |
    |  Context         | Input                | Output                | Input             | Output             |
    +==================+======================+=======================+===================+====================+
    | Basic            | InputStream          | OutputStream          | Reader            | Writer             |
    |                  |                      |                       | InputStreamReader | OutputStreamWriter |
    +------------------+----------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+--------------------+
    | Arrays           | ByteArrayInputStream | ByteArrayOutputStream | CharArrayReader   | CharArrayWriter    |
    +------------------+----------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+--------------------+
    | Files            | FileInputStream      | FileOutputStream      | FileReader        | FileWriter         |
    |                  | RandomAccessFile     | RandomAccessFile      |                   |                    |
    +------------------+----------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+--------------------+
    | Pipes            | PipedInputStream     | PipedOutputStream     | PipedReader       | PipedWriter        |
    +------------------+----------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+--------------------+
    | Buffering        | BufferedInputStream  | BufferedOutputStream  | BufferedReader    | BufferedWriter     |
    +------------------+----------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+--------------------+
    | Filtering        | FilterInputStream    | FilterOutputStream    | FilterReader      | FilterWriter       |
    +------------------+----------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+--------------------+
    | Parsing          | PushbackInputStream  |                       | PushbackReader    |                    |
    |                  | StreamTokenizer      |                       | LineNumberReader  |                    |
    +------------------+----------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+--------------------+
    | Strings          |                      |                       | StringReader      | StringWriter       |
    +------------------+----------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+--------------------+
    | Data             | DataInputStream      | DataOutputStream      |                   |                    |
    +------------------+----------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+--------------------+
    | Data - Formatted |                      | PrintStream           |                   | PrintWriter        |
    +------------------+----------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+--------------------+
    | Objects          | ObjectInputStream    | ObjectOutputStream    |                   |                    |
    +------------------+----------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+--------------------+
    | Utilities        | SequenceInputStream  |                       |                   |                    |
    +------------------+----------------------+-----------------------+-------------------+--------------------+