ID    CustomerId    InvoiceVal
1     12            1000
2     11            2000
3     10            5000
4     14            15000
5     12            100
6     16            8000
7     18            3200

ID    InvoiceId    Payment
1     1            150
2     3            50
3     1            120
4     1            100
5     5            90
6     4            7500

No.    InoviceId    CustomerId    Payment    Owed
1      1            12            150        850
2      1            12            120        730
3      1            12            100        630

DECLARE @invid int = '1'

DECLARE @invoicetotal numeric(18,2)

SET @invoicetotal =
    (
        SELECT
            [dbo].[TableA].[InvoiceVal]
        FROM [dbo].[TableA]
        WHERE
            ([dbo].[TableA].[ID] = @invid)
    )

SELECT
    *,
    SUM(@invoicetotal - [dbo].[TableB].[Payment]) OVER(ORDER BY [dbo].[TableB].[ID] ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND 1 PRECEDING) AS [Owed]
FROM [dbo].[TableB]
WHERE
    ([dbo].[TableB].[InvoiceId] = @invid)

ID    InvoiceId    Payment    Owed
1     1            150.00     NULL
3     1            120.00     850.00
4     1            100.00     1730.00