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adocumentclass{article}

usepackage{subcaption}
usepackage{graphicx}

newbox{bigpicturebox}

begin{document}

begin{table}
centering

sbox{bigpicturebox}{%
  begin{subfigure}[b]{.45textwidth}
  scalebox{1}[1.2]{includegraphics[width=textwidth]{example-image}}%
caption{Big picture}
end{subfigure}
}

usebox{bigpicturebox}hfill
begin{minipage}[b][htbigpicturebox][s]{.45textwidth}
begin{subfigure}{.45textwidth}
includegraphics[width=textwidth]{example-image-a}
caption{Small figure}
end{subfigure}hfill
begin{subfigure}{.45textwidth}
includegraphics[width=textwidth]{example-image-b}
caption{Small figure}
end{subfigure}

vfill

begin{subfigure}[b]{.45textwidth}
includegraphics[width=textwidth]{example-image-c}
caption{Small figure}
end{subfigure}
end{minipage}

bigskip

begin{subfigure}{.3textwidth}
includegraphics[width=textwidth]{example-image-a}
caption{Small figure}
end{subfigure}hfill
begin{subfigure}{.3textwidth}
includegraphics[width=textwidth]{example-image-b}hfill
caption{Small figure}
end{subfigure}hfill
begin{subfigure}{.3textwidth}
includegraphics[width=textwidth]{example-image-c}
caption{Small figure}
end{subfigure}

end{table}

end{document}