+-----+-------------
| ID  |  rainfall  |
+-----+----------- |
|  1  |  110.2     |
|  2  |  56.6      |
|  3  |  65.6      |
|  4  |  75.9      |
+-----+------------

SELECT min(id) as first_id, max(id) AS last_id, avg(rainfall) AS avg_this_16
FROM (
  SELECT id, rainfall, row_number() OVER (order by id) AS n
  FROM the_table
) x(id,rainfall,n)
GROUP BY n/16
ORDER BY n/16;

SELECT id, avg(rainfall) OVER (ORDER BY id ROWS 15 PRECEDING)
FROM the_table;

SELECT id AS greatest_id_in_group, avg_last_16_inclusive FROM (
  SELECT
    id,
    avg(rainfall) OVER (ORDER BY id ROWS 15 PRECEDING) AS avg_last_16_inclusive,
    row_number() OVER (ORDER BY id) AS n
  FROM the_table
) x WHERE n % 16 = 0;

SELECT avg(rainfall),string_agg(id::text, ',')
FROM the_table
GROUP BY (id - 1) / 16;