Problem 1:
pro: saves space
con: processors read data 4 bytes (32bit) or 8 bytes (64bit) at a time, having bool as one bit will cause alignment issues

Problem 2:
GC frees unused memory
pro: user doesn't have to do manual memory management/memory leaks prevented
con: costly and slow(? unsure)

Problem 3:
pro: code runs faster
safety: yes. unnecessary code is skipped

Problem 4:
C++: else is matched to the nearest if
Java: same as C++
Ruby: if/else statements need to be closed with end
Python: based on indentation

Problem 5:
[! very unsure, look for other resource if possible !]
name type eq: equal if they have the same name
struct type eq: equal if they have the same structure (contents of a data type and how they're ordered)