2016-12-06 TOEFL: word roots, listening gist

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Word Roots list 1 - With your partner, try to think of one or two words to explain the meaning of each root
aer/aero = air (It’s just a different spelling. In British English, they spell it “aeroplane” instead of “airplane”.)
agri/agro = farm/field
ambi = both
amb/ambul = walk
ami/amo = love
(andro = man) (“android” = “like a man”, the -oid ending means something is similar to something else, but not the same)
anim = life/spirit (and movement)
ann/enn = year
ante/anti = before (I included “anti” because we have the word “anticipate”.)
anthropo = humanity
anti = against
aqua = water (in Latin; the Greek root for water is “hydro”)
arch = first/primary/most important (“architect” originally meant the first or most important worker or builder)
archa = ancient/primitive (This comes from the same meaning of “arch” = first.)
art = skill (an artifact is something that was made with skill, “fact” = “make” as in “factory” and “manufacture”)
astro/aster = star
aud = hear
auto = self
bell = war (“antebellum” = before the (US Civil) war)
bene = good (“benevolence” = “goodwill”)
bio = life
cept/ceive = take
cardi = heart
carn = meat/flesh
cede/ceed = go (when these words are made into adjectives or verbs, it’s often spelled “cess”)
cent = hundred
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Language terms to describe the origins of some of these words:
calque = a direct translation of a word from one language into another, which then becomes a common word in the second language (such as, perhaps, “goodwill” from “benevolence”)
metathesis = when two sounds in a word switch places (such as “aster” and “astro” both meaning “star”, or “spec” and “scope” both meaning “sight”)
	Most well-known: the way we pronounce “comfortable” like “comfterble”.
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DELTA p. 53-54 has lists of prefixes and stems to help with vocabulary
prefixes modify the meaning of a stem (by adding the idea of “before”, for example)
suffixes modify the form of a word (they change nouns to verbs, for example)
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unspammability
spam (n) = junk mail or something else you get a lot of but you don’t want
spam (v) = to send spam
spammable (adj) = able to be spammed
unspammable (adj) = unable to be spammed
unspammability (n) = inability to be spammed
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BREAK
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Listening section: second section, after reading
- 60-90 minutes, 6 or 9 passages in 2 or 3 sets
- each set includes a conversation followed by two academic lectures or discussions
Listening question types:
- main idea
- detail
- inference
- prediction
- attitude
- purpose
- organization
- function
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Main Idea Questions - usually one per listening passage, almost always the first question
These are often called “gist” questions, because the gist of something is the main idea.
The Oxford book breaks them into two types:
gist content questions: “What is the conversation/lecture mainly about?”
gist purpose questions: “Why does the student go to talk to the professor?”
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Handout (Oxford) p. 161 - Listen and take notes.
p. 162 3L1 - Answer these questions in your own words.
1 Hospitality networks, which are a specific type of social network for travelers..
2 The five main points are five reasons for the growth and popularity of hospitality networks.
3 “hospitality network”, “site”/“website”, “accommodation”/“a place to stay”/“lodging”
  These words tell you that it’s about a website for finding accommodations and hospitality.
3L2 - b
(A is wrong because Facebook and Myspace are only mentioned as examples of social networks. C is wrong because the lecture isn’t about social networks in general. D is wrong because the lecture isn’t about Couchsurfing.org specifically.)
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p. 164 - Listen and take notes about the conversation.
3L3 and 3L4 - With your partner, answer these questions using your notes.
1 To get information about living on or off campus in order to decide where to live.
2 She mainly talks about the pros of on-campus housing and she gives him the website for off-campus housing.
3 She assessed what the student needed and gave him information she thought would be useful.
1 d
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p. 166-167 has a table of strategies for answering gist questions.
What do you know about global warming? What causes it? (Think of these kinds of things as soon as you know the topic of a lecture.)
Listen and take notes on the global warming lecture.
p. 168 3L6 - b
	not A: specific detail about global warming, but not a cause or effect
	not C: “implications” means just effect, but she also discusses causes
	not D: minor detail about a cause of global warming
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What do you think when you read the phrase, “A Living Home”?
Listen and take notes on the architecture lecture.
p. 169 3L9 and 3L10 - Answer these questions with your partner.
3L10 - b
	not A: the lecture is only about one such innovation
	not C: part of the lecture is about this, but the other part is about the problems with conventional houses
	not D: standard and environmental architecture are not compared in general, it’s just about one type of environmental architecture
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p. 172-173 - Listen and take notes, then answer the questions.
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Homework: finish answering the questions from your notes.