1894 USS Montana

Montana, United States of America Fast Battleship laid down 1894

Displacement:
	22,335 t light; 23,419 t standard; 28,500 t normal; 32,564 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
	(550.00 ft / 550.00 ft) x 90.00 ft x (30.00 / 33.68 ft)
	(167.64 m / 167.64 m) x 27.43 m  x (9.14 / 10.27 m)

Armament:
      12 - 12.00" / 305 mm 35.0 cal guns - 870.01lbs / 394.63kg shells, 72 per gun
	  Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1894 Model
	  6 x Twin mounts on centreline ends, evenly spread
      14 - 5.00" / 127 mm 40.0 cal guns - 50.00lbs / 22.68kg shells, 250 per gun
	  Breech loading guns in deck mounts, 1890 Model
	  14 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
		6 raised mounts
      Weight of broadside 11,140 lbs / 5,053 kg
      Main Torpedoes
      2 - 18.0" / 457 mm, 16.42 ft / 5.00 m torpedoes - 0.485 t each, 0.971 t total
	submerged bow tubes
      2nd Torpedoes
      8 - 18.0" / 457 mm, 16.42 ft / 5.00 m torpedoes - 0.485 t each, 3.883 t total
	below water reloads

Armour:
   - Belts:		Width (max)	Length (avg)		Height (avg)
	Main:	14.0" / 356 mm	346.50 ft / 105.61 m	12.00 ft / 3.66 m
	Ends:	4.00" / 102 mm	203.48 ft / 62.02 m	12.00 ft / 3.66 m
	  Main Belt covers 97 % of normal length

   - Torpedo Bulkhead - Strengthened structural bulkheads:
		1.00" / 25 mm	346.50 ft / 105.61 m	28.97 ft / 8.83 m
	Beam between torpedo bulkheads 88.00 ft / 26.82 m

   - Gun armour:	Face (max)	Other gunhouse (avg)	Barbette/hoist (max)
	Main:	15.0" / 381 mm	9.00" / 229 mm		12.0" / 305 mm
	2nd:	2.00" / 51 mm	      -			      -

   - Protected deck - multiple decks:
	For and Aft decks: 3.00" / 76 mm
	Forecastle: 3.00" / 76 mm  Quarter deck: 3.00" / 76 mm

   - Conning towers: Forward 12.00" / 305 mm, Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
	Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
	Direct drive, 4 shafts, 35,370 ihp / 26,386 Kw = 21.00 kts
	Range 18,000nm at 10.00 kts
	Bunker at max displacement = 9,145 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
	1,096 - 1,425

Cost:
	£2.377 million / $9.507 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
	Armament: 1,464 tons, 5.1 %
	   - Guns: 1,457 tons, 5.1 %
	   - Weapons: 7 tons, 0.0 %
	Armour: 7,723 tons, 27.1 %
	   - Belts: 2,965 tons, 10.4 %
	   - Torpedo bulkhead: 371 tons, 1.3 %
	   - Armament: 1,981 tons, 7.0 %
	   - Armour Deck: 2,164 tons, 7.6 %
	   - Conning Tower: 241 tons, 0.8 %
	Machinery: 6,098 tons, 21.4 %
	Hull, fittings & equipment: 7,005 tons, 24.6 %
	Fuel, ammunition & stores: 6,165 tons, 21.6 %
	Miscellaneous weights: 45 tons, 0.2 %
	   - On freeboard deck: 45 tons

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
	Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
	  27,270 lbs / 12,369 Kg = 31.6 x 12.0 " / 305 mm shells or 9.7 torpedoes
	Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.50
	Metacentric height 8.6 ft / 2.6 m
	Roll period: 12.9 seconds
	Steadiness	- As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 50 %
			- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.25
	Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.00

Hull form characteristics:
	Hull has a flush deck,
	  a normal bow and a cruiser stern
	Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.672 / 0.684
	Length to Beam Ratio: 6.11 : 1
	'Natural speed' for length: 23.45 kts
	Power going to wave formation at top speed: 48 %
	Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
	Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 0.00 degrees
	Stern overhang: 0.00 ft / 0.00 m
	Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
				Fore end,	 Aft end
	   - Forecastle:	22.00 %,  15.00 ft / 4.57 m,  12.00 ft / 3.66 m
	   - Forward deck:	30.00 %,  12.00 ft / 3.66 m,  12.00 ft / 3.66 m
	   - Aft deck:	33.00 %,  12.00 ft / 3.66 m,  12.00 ft / 3.66 m
	   - Quarter deck:	15.00 %,  12.00 ft / 3.66 m,  12.00 ft / 3.66 m
	   - Average freeboard:		12.26 ft / 3.74 m
	Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
	Space	- Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 95.8 %
		- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 80.7 %
	Waterplane Area: 38,678 Square feet or 3,593 Square metres
	Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 105 %
	Structure weight / hull surface area: 157 lbs/sq ft or 766 Kg/sq metre
	Hull strength (Relative):
		- Cross-sectional: 0.99
		- Longitudinal: 1.08
		- Overall: 1.00
	Adequate machinery, storage, compartmentation space
	Cramped accommodation and workspace room

Turret armour 15/13/15/3 inch (avg. 9 inch other)
Barbettes 15in above turtledeck, 3in for 8ft below turtledeck (avg 12in)
45 tons boat handling equipment, etc.


12"/35 Mark 3 - 1rpm - 394.6kg - 19200m
5"/40 Mark 5 - 12rpm - 22.7kg - 14630m
Long Whitehead 18" Mark 2 - 60kg wet guncotton - 1370m @ 28.5kt