public class FooKeyedCollection : KeyedCollection<FooType,Foo>
{
}

public enum FooType
{
   FooType1,
   FooType2,
   FooType3
}

public Foo
{
   public FooType Type { get; set; }
   public string Value { get; set; }
}

public static void main()
{
   FooKeyedCollection fkc = new FooKeyedCollection();

   Foo myFoo = new Foo();
   myFoo.Type = FooType.FooType3;
   myFoo.Value = "someValue";

   foo.Add( myFoo );

   Foo myFooByType = foo[FooType.FooType3];
   Foo myFooByIndex = foo[0]; // <-- exception thrown here
}

public new Foo this[int index]
{
   get
   {
      IList<Foo> self = this;
      return self[index];
   }
   set
   {
       (IList<Foo>)[index] = value;
   }
}

int index = 0;
Foo myFooByIndex = foo[index];

static class CollectionUtils
{
    public static TValue GetByIndex<TKey,TValue>
        (this KeyedCollection<TKey, TValue> collection, int index)
    {
        return collection[index];
    }
}