(25:30)
okay so 8eir el artere vertebrale, shou 3enna shi bi fout 3al brain? ente elte vessels maheik? (student says:ana 7afza common carotide..) okay, common carotide bi fout 3al brain? okay so men fout 3al brain vessel wise hene internal carotide la2ano el internal carotide externe bta3te el neck and the face baynama el internale carotide bta3te el brain itself, w 3enna el (carotide?) interne li bet fout 3ala el brain, shou byotla3 men el brain vessel wise? fi veine carotide interne? lama a5adto el veine cave superieure, a5adtouwa shi el veine cave superieur? sem3in fiya? okay, el veine cave superieure men shou ma3moule? quand tu as une veine, c'est en generale la jonction de 2 veines, maheik? (alia answers bas ana b3id fa mesh seme3) (jacques says: superieur w inferieur veina cava bya3to el veine cave) so jacque 3am bi 2oul enno el veine cave superieur w inferieur byejtem3o la ya3to la veine cave, li bet sob bel coeur. (byes2al jad who says enno fi 2 veines cave li tneyneton bi sobo bel oreillette, kel we7de la7ala) (another student bet 2oul byejtem3o kamen, byes2ala shou esemon lama yejtem3o, ma bta3ref) (he asks samira who says kel we7de la7ala) so YES, 3enna 2 veines caves superieur w inferieur li tneyneton bi fouto bi 2 orifices 3al oreillette droite, ma fi UNE veine cave majeure, okay? el veine cave superieure hiye bte5od kel shi men el upper part, ya3ne men hon w tlou3, ya3ne membres superieurs, neck w brain, w akbar veine btotla3 men el brain hiye la juggulaire, aya we7de? w kam juggulaire fi? (rashad bi 2elo fi tnen kel side byejtem3o bel common, then the doctor bi 2oul fi aktar men 2 w assigns him to research veine drainage bel head, neck wel ivc w svc) okay, so el juggulaire interne hiye la veine majeure qui draine el skull and brain w fi 3enna carotide interne li hiye la vascularisation majeur bet fout w fi 3enna les 2 arteres vertebrales li byetla3o 7ad rachis cervicale, bi fouto 3al brain, w mne7ke ba3den el artere vertebrales shou bya3mlo in the brain.

 these are practically the most complexe bones in your brain skull, hene sphenoids. sphenoidal bones, if you notice ka2ano 3asfour, so if you imagine, fi 3enna (or watwat) so 2 legs, and 2 big wings, and this is a weird bird who also as 2 small wings. so we have 2 big wings, 2 legs, 2 small wings and effectively this is what they're called. the greater wings of the sphenoid, the lesser wings of the sphenoid. this is view like this, AP view. we remove the bone from the skull, this is inferior and this is what you see inside the skull, this this superior. these are the ones that protrude from the base of skull, nezlin men ta7et and these are called the lateral and medial (MP and PLP) lateral and medial pterigoid plates, pterigoid, and you will hear it later on in facial muscules, on it attaches the pterigoid muscles, which are also part of the mastication muscles. so you have the lateral and medial pterigoid plates, the greater wings here and here, and you have the lesser wings. and if you notice between the greater winings and the lesser wings fi metel 5anda2. la2ano 3endkon el greater wings heik, el lesser wings heik, so they are in 2 different planes and this fissure esma superior, lesh la2ano you will see later on there is another one called inferior, the superior fissure bi SF opens in the orbit, btefta7 men jouwa bi alb el orbit. thats why its called the superior orbital fissure SOF. so between the lesser wings and greater wings of the sphenoid, you'll have a small fissure, its not a hole, thats why its called a fissure. thats why later on when we'll talk about the different openings in the base of skull, 7a n2oul 3enna foramens and we have fissures.  foramens means there is bone and a hole in the bone, thats a foramen. a fissure means fi 5anda2, usually that means there are 2 bones and between these 2 bones a space, that space is where this structure is found. so these between the lesser and greater sphenoid wings you have superior orbital fissure SOF, and the fact that its orbital means it has to carry thngs that are meant to be orbit to the eye, so it (carries?) (35:50 karmen corrected this bas ma fhemet 3a 5ata) things to the eyes are gonna be nervs of the eye, artery of the eye and veins of the eye. this is an easier way to remember, so again the pterigoids, the body of the sphenoid (the head, lets say), the lesser wings and the greater wings, heik. and the body of the sphenoid is actually, inside of it is empty, here, you see, its filled with air and this is the sphenoid sinus. and if you imagine the red one, the bone is the sphenoid bone. now we're looking from under up, what do we see? what do you think this part is? greater wing, aya surface? any bone has 2 surfaces ths surface and that surface. enno men ta7et (doc says yes) so ths is the inferior surface or the underneath of the lesser wing, so effectively here, 3am netala3 men hon. so in the second image we're looking from down up. and here hawde mesh heik, hawde heik, plates mesh spikes. iza mnetala3 men ta7et, you'll see them here. these are pterigoid plates. so if we look from down under the pterigoid plates and the greater wings. wayno el lesser wing leh mesh sheyfino hon? (grace bet ello enno wara el a5dar (zone 3al shema)). so should we see the lesser wing? (38:10)