2016-09-22 Idioms: flying, reduced "to" pronunciation

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
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Homework: p. 50 - check these idioms online (We’ll finish going over the answers tomorrow.)
1 I
2 K
3 C
4 J
5 A (a stop between flights before you catch another plane)
6 F
7 D (“barf” is a slang word for “vomit”)
8 H
9 L
10 B
11 E (“boonies” = “boondocks”, which has the same meaning)
12 G
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p. 58 - Complete this “fairy tale” with the correct expressions. (A couple are from the list we did Tuesday, about vacations.)
way out in the boonies
her frequent flyer
taking only a carry-on
believed in traveling light (“in” is a preposition, we always use gerunds after prepositions)
she got bumped
she was put on standby
and completely wiped out
put on the red-eye
use the barf bag
After a two-hour layover
she was so wired
stayed up till all hours
no sleep and jet lag
caused her to sleep
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p. 59 - Take turns responding to the questions or statements with the correct expressions.
1 K
2 E
3 F
4 C
5 G
6 A
7 D
8 I
9 B
10 J
11 L
12 H
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Pronunciation: reduction of “to”

I wasn’t able to buy a ticket for this flight. -> “able da buy”
Fortunately, they agreed to put me on standby. -> “agreed da” or “agreed ta”
I was the last to get there. -> “last ta”
He’s too big to go on this ride. -> “big ta”

to -> ta : if the sound before is voiceless (p, f, t, s, sh, th, ch, k) or a stop (b, d, g)
sometimes to -> da : if the sound before is voiced and not a stop (all the other sounds)
		(includes vowels and voiced continuants: v, m, n, r; sometimes includes ‘d’)
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Handout (53-54) - Note that it should be “something da eat”, not “ta”.
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Homework: handout part B - Decide if each “to” should be pronounced “ta” or “da”