2015-01-28 Evening: articles and game

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
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Homework: Grammar Book p. 71 part 7 and 8, p. 73 part 10 and 11
exercise 7
1 a
2 the
3 -
4 a
5 the (= Lonesome George, a specific tortoise)
6 -
7 a ("species" is the same for singular and plural)
8 the
9 -
10 The (if it's the same scientists that did the studies)/ - (if it's scientists in general)
11 a
12 -

Country names that are plural use "the": the United States, the Phillippines
Also, country names that include a common noun: the Republic of Korea
(other nouns are "state", "kingdom", "union", and "commonwealth")

Other geographic names usually depend on the type of feature:
the Atlantic Ocean
the Charles River, the River Thames
the Gulf of Mexico, the Persian Gulf
the Caribbean Sea, the Mediterranean Sea
the Sahara Desert
Massachusetts Bay
Boston Harbor
Walden Pond
Lake Michigan
Mount Everest
Pinto Island, Mackinac Island

All proper nouns that are "[something] of [something]" use "the":
the Bay of Biscay (even though Hudson Bay, San Francisco Bay, etc.)
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exercise 8
learn English
in Wales
making jokes
wrote the words
on the blackboard
the question
to an A
a good answer
the letter
the new spelling
With absolute confidence
in confusion
a second M
an M
with a smile
the terrible feeling
of embarrassment
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exercise 10
1 an			16 the
2 -			17 -
3 -			18 -
4 -			19 the
5 -			20 the
6 an			21 -
7 -			22 -
8 a			23 -
9 a			24 a
10 a			25 the
11 -			26 the
12 -			27 -
13 a			28 -
14 -			29 the
15 the			30 -

Before plural and noncount nouns, don't use "the" for general meaning (when the word refers to the noun in general).
I like ice cream. I don't like canned beans.
"Dogs have four legs," is true in general, even though some dogs have three legs.

"the ice cream" means some specific collection of ice cream, which has been talked about before, or which should be obvious to people who hear this sentence.

HOWEVER: with body parts, inventions, and species the + singular = general meaning
"The heart pumps blood."
"The violin was invented in 1645."
"The giant tortoise is native to the Galapagos Islands."

the + adjective = the [adjective] people (in general)
"The rich get richer while the poor get poorer."
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exercise 11
1 -			16 the
2 -			17 the
3 a			18 a
4 a			19 the
5 one			20 the
6 one			21 a
7 an			22 one/-
8 -			23 the
9 a			24 an
10 one			25 an ('h' is silent in "honest")
11 the			26 the
12 a (if >1 garage)	27 the
13 a/the		28 the
14 a			29 -
15 the			30 -
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List 10 - F

"Ethnic Foods" = not from the USA, not from your country
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List 12 - L

"States" - can be in any country
"Musical Groups" - not individual singers/artists