```bash
git commit --amend

git commit --fixup head~0
git rebase -i head~2

git reflog

git reset
git reset --hard

git checkout <branch_name> -- src/path/to/file.js
# it will discard any uncommitted changes in that file.
git checkout HEAD file/to/restore.ext
git show master:src/path/to/file.js

git diff
git diff --cached
git diff | clip

git reset --hard origin/<branch_name>

git status -s

git push -u origin <branch_name>

git stash
git stash -m <message>
git stash apply
git stash pop
git stash list
git stash show
git stash show -p
git stash show -p stash@{1}

# effectively just wind back to a state prior to your last commit,
# but leave your changes in the index
# (as if you had done a git add, but not yet a git commit)
git reset --soft HEAD^
```