Xiahuatl-Class Protected Cruiser [1896] (Zhuoteng)

Xiahuatl-Class, Zhuoteng Empire Protected Cruiser laid down 1896

Displacement:
	4,895 t light; 5,350 t standard; 6,517 t normal; 7,451 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
	(396.98 ft / 393.70 ft) x 59.06 ft x (19.69 / 21.80 ft)
	(121.00 m / 120.00 m) x 18.00 m  x (6.00 / 6.64 m)

Armament:
      4 - 5.91" / 150 mm 50.0 cal guns - 109.02lbs / 49.45kg shells, 200 per gun
	  Quick firing guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1892 Model
	  2 x Twin mounts on centreline, evenly spread
      18 - 5.91" / 150 mm 50.0 cal guns - 109.02lbs / 49.45kg shells, 200 per gun
	  Quick firing guns in casemate mounts, 1892 Model
	  18 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
		8 hull mounts in casemates- Limited use in all but light seas
      16 - 3.54" / 90.0 mm 50.0 cal guns - 23.55lbs / 10.68kg shells, 275 per gun
	  Quick firing guns in deck mounts, 1890 Model
	  16 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
		16 raised mounts
      240 - 0.31" / 8.0 mm 90.0 cal guns - 0.02lbs / 0.01kg shells, 100 per gun
	  Muzzle loading guns in deck mounts, 1895 Model
	  24 x 2 row decuple mounts on sides, evenly spread
      Weight of broadside 2,779 lbs / 1,261 kg
      Main Torpedoes
      4 - 16.5" / 420 mm, 13.12 ft / 4.00 m torpedoes - 0.358 t each, 1.433 t total
	In 4 sets of deck mounted carriage/fixed tubes
      2nd Torpedoes
      4 - 16.5" / 420 mm, 13.12 ft / 4.00 m torpedoes - 0.358 t each, 1.433 t total
	In 1 sets of deck mounted carriage/fixed tubes

Armour:
   - Belts:		Width (max)	Length (avg)		Height (avg)
	Ends:	Unarmoured

   - Torpedo Bulkhead - Strengthened structural bulkheads:
		0.98" / 25 mm	393.70 ft / 120.00 m	18.08 ft / 5.51 m
	Beam between torpedo bulkheads 52.49 ft / 16.00 m

   - Gun armour:	Face (max)	Other gunhouse (avg)	Barbette/hoist (max)
	Main:	5.91" / 150 mm	5.91" / 150 mm		5.91" / 150 mm
	2nd:	4.92" / 125 mm	3.94" / 100 mm		3.94" / 100 mm
	3rd:	1.97" / 50 mm	0.98" / 25 mm		      -

   - Protected deck - single deck:
	For and Aft decks: 1.97" / 50 mm
	Forecastle: 1.97" / 50 mm  Quarter deck: 1.97" / 50 mm

Machinery:
	Coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines,
	Direct drive, 2 shafts, 8,235 ihp / 6,143 Kw = 18.00 kts
	Range 2,500nm at 18.00 kts
	Bunker at max displacement = 2,101 tons (100% coal)

Complement:
	362 - 471

Cost:
	£0.539 million / $2.157 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
	Armament: 578 tons, 8.9 %
	   - Guns: 574 tons, 8.8 %
	   - Weapons: 4 tons, 0.1 %
	Armour: 1,420 tons, 21.8 %
	   - Torpedo bulkhead: 259 tons, 4.0 %
	   - Armament: 592 tons, 9.1 %
	   - Armour Deck: 568 tons, 8.7 %
	Machinery: 1,373 tons, 21.1 %
	Hull, fittings & equipment: 1,525 tons, 23.4 %
	Fuel, ammunition & stores: 1,622 tons, 24.9 %
	Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
	Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
	  8,607 lbs / 3,904 Kg = 83.6 x 5.9 " / 150 mm shells or 6.0 torpedoes
	Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.79
	Metacentric height 5.8 ft / 1.8 m
	Roll period: 10.3 seconds
	Steadiness	- As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 94 %
			- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.29
	Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 1.88

Hull form characteristics:
	Hull has a flush deck,
	  a ram bow and a cruiser stern
	Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.498 / 0.515
	Length to Beam Ratio: 6.67 : 1
	'Natural speed' for length: 19.84 kts
	Power going to wave formation at top speed: 42 %
	Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
	Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -4.00 degrees
	Stern overhang: -3.28 ft / -1.00 m
	Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
				Fore end,	 Aft end
	   - Forecastle:	10.00 %,  16.40 ft / 5.00 m,  14.76 ft / 4.50 m
	   - Forward deck:	30.00 %,  14.76 ft / 4.50 m,  13.12 ft / 4.00 m
	   - Aft deck:	50.00 %,  13.12 ft / 4.00 m,  13.12 ft / 4.00 m
	   - Quarter deck:	10.00 %,  13.12 ft / 4.00 m,  13.12 ft / 4.00 m
	   - Average freeboard:		13.60 ft / 4.15 m
	Ship tends to be wet forward

Ship space, strength and comments:
	Space	- Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 108.6 %
		- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 108.3 %
	Waterplane Area: 15,468 Square feet or 1,437 Square metres
	Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 112 %
	Structure weight / hull surface area: 95 lbs/sq ft or 461 Kg/sq metre
	Hull strength (Relative):
		- Cross-sectional: 0.93
		- Longitudinal: 1.83
		- Overall: 1.00
	Adequate machinery, storage, compartmentation space
	Adequate accommodation and workspace room
	Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
	Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather