from collections import defaultdict

colors = ['red', 'green', 'blue', 'orange', 'purple', 'red', 'blue', 'blue']
d = defaultdict(int)

for color in colors:
    d[color] += 1

print(d)

d = defaultdict(list)

for color in colors:
    key = len(color)
    d[key].append(color)

print(d)