2018-04-17 TOEFL: word roots, reading inference

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Word roots - list 4 - With your partner, try to think of one or two words to explain the meanings of each root
icon (iconography, iconoclast, iconic) = image
idio (idiomatic, idiosyncrasy, idiot) = oneself
il/im/in/ir (illegal, impossible, inconsiderate, irresponsible) = not
il/im/in/ir (illuminate, impress, inhale, irradiate) = in
Spelling Rules:
	il before L
	im before M, P, B (immobile, imbue)
	ir before R
	in before everything else
infra (infrastructure, infrared) = under (the opposite prefix is “ultra”)
inter (interview, international, intercept) =
intra/intro (intravenous, introvert) = into/inward
ject (interject, eject) = throw/thrust
junct (junction, conjunction, adjunct) = join
kine (kinetic, kinesthetic, telekinesis) = movement (The Latin spelling of this is “cine”.)
lab (labor, collaborate, elaborate) = work
lex/lect (lexical, dyslexia, lecture, dialect) = word/speak (related to roots in “elect”, “select” and “collect”, about picking things out)
loc (location, dislocation, relocate) = place
luc (translucent, elucidate) = light (This root is always followed by ‘e’ or ‘i’, so sounds like /s/.)
lum (illuminate, lumen) = light
macro (macroeconomics, macroevolution) = big
magni (magnify, magnificent, magnate) = great (in size or quality)
mal (malpractice, malaria, malicious) = bad
man/mani/manu (manual, maneuver, manuscript) = hand
mar (marine, maritime) = sea
mega (megabyte, megastructure, megalith) = huge (unit prefix = 1,000,000)
meta (metamorphosis, metastasis, metathesis) = change
meta (metaphysics, metacognition, metadata) = beyond/about
micro (microscope, microphone, microbe) = small/tiny (unit prefix = 1/1,000,000)
migr (immigrate, migrant) = move (as in from one place to another)
mis (misbehave, misnomer) = wrong
miss/mit (dismiss, transmit, missile) = send
mono (monochromatic, monotonous, monologue) = one (This is the Greek root.)
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Reading Section: first part of the test, 60-80 minutes, 3 or 4 passages, 14 questions each
Reading Question Types:
- fact/detail
- negative fact
- vocabulary
- purpose/method
- reference/pronouns
- paraphrase
- inference
- sentence insertion
- summarize
- organize
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DELTA p. 76 - inference questions - Skim the passage and answer the two questions in the boxes (try not to read the text outside the boxes)
1 C
	not A: this may be true, but the text doesn’t say anything about how common it was
	not B: this isn’t mentioned and seems unlikely based on how sickness works
	not D: the cattle were still alive to give milk, so it can’t kill them (or at least not quickly)
2 D
	not A: they crossed into Indiana in 1816
	not B: we don’t know what they raised
	not C: today there is a bronze “sculpture” marking that location, but it wasn’t built from bronze
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BREAK
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Handout (Cengage) exercise 3.1 - Take 10 minutes to quickly read the sentences and answer the inference questions about them.
Then compare your answers with a partner and try to convince them if you disagree.
1 B (not A - it’s about the process, not the metal; not C - the text isn’t about metalworking in general)
2 C
3 C
4 C
5 A
6 B
7 A
8 C
9 B
10 A
11 B
12 A
13 C
14 C (“it” means silk, because “webs” is plural)
15 A
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DELTA p. 80 exercise 1.4.A - Take 10 minutes to answer these questions. Then compare with your partner.
1 B
2 A
3 C
4 C
5 B
6 D
7 B
8 B (“eases anxiety” is more similar to reducing stress than “uplift the mood” is)
9 D
10 C
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Handout p. 66-67 - Take 6 minutes to answer the questions about Passage 1.
1 D
(we’ll check the rest tomorrow)
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Homework: finish the handout (if more than two people don’t, we’ll do a full-length speaking test tomorrow where you record all your answers and we listen to at least one from each person)