2015-04-10 Communication: figures of speech

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
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p. 14 part 5 Vocabulary
1 idiom
2 collocation
3 register (quid = pound(s) in the UK, similar register to “buck” = dollar in the US)
4 phrasal verb (in a phrasal verb, the words after the verb are particles, though they have the same form as adverbs and prepositions)
5 slang (informal, and the style often changes quickly)
(“jargon” often means more formal, technical language within a particular field)
6 colloquial (noun for a colloquial expression is “colloquialism”)
7 synonym (synonyms often have very different collocations)
8 metaphor
I’m at a crossroads in my life. = I have a major decision to make (metaphor: Life is a journey.)
to launder money = to make “dirty” (i.e. criminal) money look “clean”
simile: a metaphor comparing a very specific quality with “like” or “as” - He was sleeping like a log.
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p. 15 Language Quiz:
Idioms
1 stay with your decision, don’t change your mind
2 speak clearly, sincerely, directly, openly, honestly, frankly; be open about what you think and feel
3 we mentally strengthened ourselves and kept going
4 we don’t have the same opinion about it
5 who is the “man” of the family, who is the boss, the dominant one (“pants” in American English)
bra (= brassiere), panties
boxers / briefs (underpants for men), boxer-briefs = with legs like boxers, but tighter like briefs
false friends / false cognates: embarazada in Spanish = pregnant in English
Phrasal Verbs
1 catch up
2 put off
3 take after
4 bring up
5 grow up
Synonyms and Register
1 one		E you “One must always do one’s homework.” = “You must always do your homework.”
(“one” is more formal)
2 so		D consequently (consequently is more formal)
3 because of	F owing to (owing to is more formal)
4 benefits	B perks (benefits)
5 omit		H leave out (omit is more formal)
6 however	C but (however is more formal)
7 adhere to	A follow (adhere to is more formal)
8 need	G require (require is more formal)
Collocations
1 completely
2 hurt
3 close
4 distant
5 security (= you’re not going to be fired, “safety” = you’re not going to be injured)
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gradeable adjectives: adjectives that can be different levels (these adjectives have comparative forms)